Brain

Brain Overview

Neural Development (Embryonic Stages)

• 3-4 weeks: Initial stages of brain development.

• 5 weeks: Continued progression in development, leading to the formation of major brain structures:

  • Prosencephalon

    • Telencephalon: cerebral hemispheres

    • Diencephalon: thalamus/hypothalamus

  • Mesencephalon

    • Mesencephalon: midbrain/colliculi

  • Rhombencephalon

    • Metencephalon: pons/cerebellum

    • Myelencephalon: medulla oblongata

Brain Structures and Functions

• Cerebral Hemispheres: Comprising four lobes that are responsible for specific functions:
    - Frontal Lobe: Mathematics, personality, problem-solving, motor functions.
    - Temporal Lobe: Hearing, language, balance, smell, taste.
    - Parietal Lobe: Sensory interpretation.
    - Occipital Lobe: Visual processing.

Ventricles and Meninges

• Ventricles: Fluid-filled spaces (choroid plexus) produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions the brain.
    - Lateral Ventricles (1 & 2), Third Ventricle, Fourth Ventricle

• Meninges: Protective layers surrounding the brain:
    - Pia Mater: Innermost layer, adheres to brain.
    - Arachnoid Mater: Middle, web-like layer.
    - Dura Mater: Tough outer layer.