Unit 6 Grammar

Хотеть

Я Хочу

Ты хочешь

он она кто хочет

Мы хотим

Вы хотите

Они хотят

Он кто хотел

Она хотела

Они вы мы хотели

Verbs of position (Chap 6.2)

To stand=Стояать (Он стоит, они стоят), to hang= висеть (Он висит, они висят), to be in a lying position= лежать (Он лежит, они лежат)

Genetive case, forms

The genetive case of personal pronouns:

NOM:y + genetive case

Кто: У кого

Я: У меня

ты: У тебя

Он: У него

Она: У неё

Мы: У нас

Вы: У вас

Они: У них

Genetive case of nouns:

Masc & neuter; hard stem: add а. soft stem add Я

Notes: 7 letter spelling rule affects many feminine hard nouns, some masc nouns have end stress whenever an ending is added on, the words мать & дочь become матер & дочер before adding any endings. Their genetive singular forms are матери & дочери. Nouns ending in or that refer to men and boys decline like fem nouns, but they are masc and take masc modifiers: у маленького димы есть книга.

Fem; hard stem: add ы, soft stem: add и

Other category than hard & soft ending: feminine ending with ь. Will take different endings from hard and soft stem endings (и)

Genetive case of adjectives:

Masc/Neut: Hard stems (ый): ого Soft stems(ий): его

Fem: Hard stems (ый): ой Soft stems (ий): ей

Genetive case of special modifiers:

After y: Expressing Ownership, existence & presence: Есть что

  • Russian has no commonly used verb “to have.” Possession is expressed by saying something is by something (y literally means by)

  • construction: y + genetive case + есть + nominitive case (у ивана есть дача)

  • Dacha is “doing” the verb ест, so it is nominative

  • Russians often answer у + genitive + есть questions by saying “да, есть”

  • Simple presence (there is, there are) is also expressed by saying есть (Здесь ест книга? да, естъ.)

Expressing nonexistence & absenсe: Нет него

Opposite of есть (there is )is нет (there is not). нет takes the genitive.

Ecть + nom: здесь есть книга

Нет + gen: здесь нет книги

  • Statements of nonexistence with Нет have no subject

  • Не есть always turns into нет + gen. (never say не есть)

  • This also applies to personal pronouns eg. катю? Её нет! (Katya is not here)

  • Нет + gen case to express not having: y + gen + нет + gen (у вана нет дачи)

    • нет has 2 meanings in this exchange; у вас есть машина? Нет, машины нет (One means no, the other means there is not. This can also be shortned to “Нет, нет.”)

Possession & attribution of gen case of noun phrases

  • To express possession, use gen case

  • Gen case used to answer question чей when answer is noun or noun phrase

  • Can use gen case in most places where English would say “of”

  • Possessor always comes last

  • ditch “of’

Specifying quantity

один, (words that end in consonants) одна, (ends in a or soft sign) одно (end in o or e) одни (ends in ы оr и)

  • один is a modifier that agrees w noun it modifies

2,3,4 + gen singular nouns

  • A noun that comes after a number other than 1 is in genitive singular

  • 2 is spelled два before masc/neut nouns and две before fem nouns, and numerals w multiple digits that end in 2 3 or 4 also have this rule

  • Other expressions of quantity: Gen plural used after all other numbers. until learning gen plural, don’t specify quantity unless number ends in 1 2 3 or , and avoid using adjectives w numbers other than 1

Masc, neut, fem, plural chart;

nom singular (1, 21, 31, ect.); masc- один брат neut - один шкаф fem; один сестра - plural - одни часы

gen singular (2, 22, 32, ect.) masc- два брата neut - два окна; fem две сестры

gen singular (3, 4, 23, 24, 33, ect.) masc- три брата neut - четыре окна; fem три сестры

gen plural (5-20, 25-30, ect.) see unit 7

At someone’s place: у кого

  • To indicate someone’s place, use y plus gen case. Context will dictate what the ‘place’ is (house, country, office, ect.)

eg. у брата