Native Chicken Production Notes

Introduction

• The Philippine native chickens are believed to be descendants of the domesticated red jungle fowl.
• Several genetic groups exist, identified by phenotype.
  • Examples: Banaba, Bolinao, Camarines, Darag, Paraoakan, Cebu Black, and Joloano.
• BAI-NSPRDC improved and conserved three genetic groups: Banaba, Paraoakan, and Joloano.

Characteristics of Native Chicken

• Banaba
  • Yellow-red plumage with black wing and tail feathers.
  • Single comb and red earlobes.
  • Slate-colored shanks.
  • Average body weight at 16 weeks: Male 1.0-1.4 kg, Female 0.8-1.1 kg.
  • Mature weight: Male 1.7-2.0 kg, Female 1.5-1.8 kg.
• Paraoakan
  • Black color with some white feathers at the base of the tail.
  • Long-legged with yellow to gray shank.
  • Pea comb with bright earlobes.
  • Average body weight at 16 weeks: Male 1.0-1.5 kg, Female 0.9-1.2 kg.
  • Mature weight: Male 2.0-2.5 kg, Female 1.8-2.0 kg.
• Joloano
  • Red to red-orange plumage color.
  • Tail is black or black with white.
  • Pea comb with bright earlobes.
  • Average body weight at 16 weeks: Male 1.4-1.6 kg, Female 1.0-1.4 kg.
  • Mature weight: Male 2.0-2.5 kg, Female 1.8-2.0 kg.

Prospect and Potentials

• Provides food and livelihood to approximately 2.5 million people.
• Higher selling price for live chicken (P150-200 per head).
• Good source of quality protein with low fat (3.66% vs. 7.53%) and high protein (26.30% vs. 22.00%).
• Unique taste and flavor due to free amino acids.
• Adapted to local conditions and resilient to climate change.
• Can utilize farm by-products, requiring low inputs.

Reasons for Keeping

• For meat and egg consumption.
• Source of income.
• Greeting visitors.
• Adaptability, good taste, disease resistance, low inputs, improved soil fertility, and ease of raising.

Some Known Genetic Groups

• Luzon: Bolinao，Banaba, Camarines, Paraoakan
• Visayas: Darag, Boholano
• Mindanao: Zampen, Joloano

Characteristics of a good feed

1. Safe (ligtas)
2. Palatable (malasa)
3. Highly digestible (madaling tunawin)

Source of Nutrients

• Energy: Corn, sorghum, rice bran, cassava, copra/coconut, other root crops, grass, seeds, molasses, sun flower
• Protein: Insects, worm, meat, fish meal, soy bean, legumes, azolla
• Minerals: Shell, soil, sand, grasses/legumes, salt, lime
• Vitamins: green feeds/grasses, fruits

Natural Feed Source

• Trichantera spp. (Madre de Agua): High protein (18-22%) and calcium.
• Azolla/Duck Weed: High in protein, easy to produce
• Kamoteng Kahoy/Cassava
• Scrap vegetables
• Malunggay
• Arachis spp/peanut
• Corn/palay

Feeding Practices

• Chicks: Chicken booster feeds (0-14 days), chicken starter feeds (14-45 days).
• Growers: Chicken concentrate feeds with local feeds and grasses/legumes; rotational grazing.
• Layers: Palay 25%, corn/cassava 25%, laying mash 25%, other local feed resources 25% (azolla, vegetables/grasses, legumes, snail).

Production System

• Bahala Na System: Low inputs, chickens scavenge for food, minimal housing.
• Free Range System: Provided feeds, housing, grasses and legumes in range, all-in-all out system.
• Commercial Production System: Constructed facilities, commercial feeds, farm production guide, all-in-all out system, processing facilities, marketing arm.

Ang Gastos at Kita sa Pag-aalaga ng Native na Manok

• Assumptions:
  • Ang pabahay ay gagamit ng local na materiales (kawayan, nipa at fish net)
  • Ang pabahay ay magagamit ng 2 taon
  • Ang manok ay kakain ng 100 g sa breeder; 60 g sa grower at 25 g sa sisiw kada ulo kada araw
  • Gastos sa kuryente at tubig ay hindi kasama
  • Ang mga itlog na pipisain ay dadalin sa bayaran na incubator
  • Gagamit ng mga pagalaan at mga damo upang makatipid sa pakain (grower)
  • No laborer needed

Development of Breeder Farms for Philippine Native Chicken

• (Paraoakan, Banaba, and Joloano)
• For Meat and Egg Production
• Funding Agency : DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE- BUREAU OF AGIRCULTURAL RESEARCH (DA – BAR)