Vocab 6 metamorphosis

Metamorphic [1] - Any rock that experiences conditions unlike those of its formation becomes metamorphosed [1].

Metamorphism [1] - Change of form [1]. A gradual progression of changes, from low-grade to high-grade [1].

Protolith [1] - The rock BEFORE metamorphism, also called the parent rock [1].

Diagenesis [1-3] - The top temperature for diagenesis is ~250°C [1].

Index minerals [4, 5] - Chemical elements can re-combine in the metamorphic rock, forming new minerals under a certain range of conditions of Pressure and Temperature [4]. Metamorphic rocks of different degrees can have different minerals [5].

Garnet [5, 6] - A 3D framework silicate that forms at intermediate to high metamorphic conditions [5]. It may be found in schist [6].

Volatiles [5, 7] - One of the metamorphic agents, along with heat and pressure [5]. Near a body of magma, volatiles that do not escape flush the country rock with hot ion-rich fluids [7].

Contact metamorphism [8] - The rocks surrounding the magma become metamorphosed by the heat [8].

Recrystallization [8-10] - The heat induces recrystallization of the original minerals [8]. The newly crystallized calcite form a compact fabric of crystals [9]. Fluids enhance migration of ions to help existing minerals recrystallize [10].

Marble [9] - Metamorphic rock with a protolith of limestone [9].

Quartzite [9] - Metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz sandstone [9].

Confining pressure [9, 11, 12] - Increases with depth in the lithosphere, it is equal in all directions [9, 11].

Differential pressure [11, 12] - Unequal pressure in different directions, caused mostly by movements of the plates [11]. Differential pressure deforms rocks [11].

Stress [11] - Another term for unequal pressure [11].

Regional metamorphism [11] - Generates the greatest volume of metamorphic rock [11].

Foliation [10, 13] - Typical of differential pressure that develops at convergent plate boundaries [13]. The migrating ions produce banding of foliation [10].

Rock cleavage [6, 13] - The rock can split into flat pieces [13]. Mechanical foliation produces rock cleavage, which is a surface along which the rock splits easily [6].

Slate [13] - A low-grade metamorphic rock formed from mudstone [13].

Phyllite [6] - An intermediate-grade metamorphic rock formed from slate [6].

Schist [6] - An intermediate to high-grade metamorphic rock formed from phyllite [6].

Gneiss [10] - A high-grade metamorphic rock formed from sandstone or almost any igneous rock [10].

Hydrothermal [7] - Metamorphic environments near a body of magma where volatiles flush the country rock with hot ion-rich fluids [7].

Lithosphere [4, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14] - The sections of the lithosphere are the metamorphic environments where the changes happen [5]. The lithosphere is made of the three rock types [7].

Isostasy [12] - One of the adjustments of the lithosphere [12].

Rock cycle [15] - Represents the relationships between the three major rock types [15].