Hematologic Alterations - Tagged

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Alterations in Hematologic Function

Review Activities

  • Navigate to Review Modules.

  • Recommended readings (20 min each):

    • Chapter 25: Pulmonary Embolism

    • Chapter 40: Hematologic Diagnostic Procedures

    • Chapter 41: Blood and Blood Product Transfusions

    • Chapter 42: Anemias

  • Complete application exercise and active learning scenario after reading.

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain the pathophysiology of hematologic function.

  2. Explore epidemiological and etiological risk factors contributing to acute and chronic bleeding disorders in clients.

  3. Describe the impact of hematologic disorders on overall client health.

  4. Differentiate clinical presentations of clients with hemorrhagic bleeding disorders.

  5. Explore the role of the nurse in caring for clients with hematologic disorders.

  6. Apply the nursing process through clinical judgment functions in the care of clients with hemorrhagic bleeding disorders.

Anatomy and Physiology: Hematologic System

  • Components of the Hematologic System:

    • Circulatory System

    • Blood Components:

    • Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

    • White Blood Cells (WBCs)

    • Platelets

Blood Clot: Pathophysiology

  • Blood clot formation involves:

    • Interruption in blood flow.

Etiology

  • Causes of blood clots include:

    • Cancer patients.

Epidemiology

  • Approximately 90,000 people in the U.S. develop blood clots annually (CDC, 2022).

Blood Clot: Impact on Overall Health

  • Potential impacts:

    • Physical damage to organs.

    • Psychosocial effects, such as anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

    • Importance of safety and preventative measures in high-risk populations, especially among aging adults due to increased clot risks.

Discussion Question

  • Identify risk factors for blood clot development in older adult clients transferred from nursing homes.

Blood Clot: Clinical Presentation

  • Clinical manifestations include:

    • Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

    • Myocardial Infarction (MI)

    • Stroke

Lab Testing and Diagnostic Studies

  • Common tests used:

    • D-Dimer

    • Ultrasound

    • CT Scan

Blood Clot: Role of the Nurse

  • Responsibilities include:

    • Recognizing client needs related to environmental factors and individual risks.

    • Ensuring appropriate anticoagulant dosing and monitoring side effects.

    • Providing client education regarding anticoagulants and their effects.

Applying the Nursing Process

  • Nursing Process steps:

    • Recognize Cues/Assessment

    • Analyze Cues/Analysis

    • Prioritize Hypothesis/Analysis

    • Generate Solutions/Planning

    • Take Actions/Implementation

    • Evaluate Outcomes/Evaluation

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Pathophysiology

  • Blood clot typically forms in large veins, especially in the lower extremities.

Etiology

  • Factors increasing risk:

    • Immob