Equine Nuero

Objectives

is it lame or neurological?

Develop a systematic approach

head → tail
- head eval
  - behavior mentation
    - observe in a natural setting
    - history from owner
    - if neonate: ask about affinity for the mare
      - is baby following more or off by itself
    - Head pressing
      - cerebrum
    - circling
      - vestibular
      - midbrain
      - cerebrum
  - Mental status
    - response to environment or external stimuli
  - head posture and coordination
    - head tilt
      - poll towards side of lession
        vestibular
        central
        peripheral nerves
    - head carriage lower
    - depressed
    - head bobbing
      - intention tremors
        cerebellum
Cranial nerves
- 1- olfactory
  - testing smell
    - may use grain or smell
- 2- optic
  - menace response
    - neonates may not respond for the first two weeks
    - pupillary light reflex
    - obstacle course
- 3- oculomotor
  - evaluation symmetry of the pupils
    - mydriasis
    - anisocoria
  - pupillary light reflex
    - direct and consensual response
- 4- trochlear
- 5- trigeminal
  - motor
    - muscles of mastication
      - facial symmetry
  - sensory
    - sensory to the face
- 7- facial
  - motor to the muscles of facial expression
    - menace, palpebral, and corneal reflex
- 8- vestibulocochlear
  - 2 functions
    - hearing
    - balance
  - test: loud noise, visualize, blind fold
  - nystagmus
    - what happened to muzzys eyes
- 9- glossopharyngeal
  - motor to pharyngeal muscles and salivary glands
  - sensory to caudal
- 10- vagus
  - motor to larynx
  - peripheral nervous system
    - GI tract- peristalsis
- 11- spinal accessory
  - innervates muscles of the neck
- 12- hypoglossal
  - motor to the tongue