Cat Dissection Practical Terms

Each student will be asked to identify on their dissected cat, the structure AND function for $3$ of the terms from the list below. A set of $3$ questions includes one from Muscles, one from Organs, and one from Structures.

Muscles

Neck

1. Sternohyoid: Function: Depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Arm

2. Clavobrachialis (Clavodeltoid): Function: Flexes the forearm

3. Epitrochlearis: Function: Extends the forearm

4. Palmaris longus: Function: Flexes the wrist

Chest

5. Pectoantebrachialis: Function: Adducts the arm

6. Pectoralis Major: Function: Adducts the arm

7. Pectoralis Minor: Function: Adducts the arm

8. Xiphihumeralis: Function: Adducts the arm

Abdominal

9. External Oblique: Function: Compresses abdomen; flexes vertebral column; rotates trunk

10. Rectus Abdominis: Function: Flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen

Torso

11. Latissimus Dorsi: Function: Adducts and extends the arm

Leg

12. Biceps Femoris: Function: Flexes the lower leg

13. Gracilis: Function: Adducts the leg

14. Gastrocnemius: Function: Extends the foot (plantar flexion)

15. Sartorius: Function: Adducts and rotates the thigh

16. Tibialis Anterior: Function: Flexes the foot (dorsiflexion)

17. Diaphragm: Function: Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities; contraction increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, facilitating breathing

Organs

1. Esophagus: Function: Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach

2. Gall Bladder: Function: Stores and concentrates bile

3. Large Intestine: Function: Absorbs water and electrolytes; forms and stores feces

4. Liver: Function: Produces bile; metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; detoxifies blood

5. Pancreas: Function: Produces digestive enzymes and hormones (insulin and glucagon)

6. Rectum: Function: Stores feces

7. Spleen: Function: Filters blood; stores white blood cells; removes old or damaged red blood cells

8. Stomach: Function: Stores and mixes food; begins protein digestion

9. Urinary Bladder: Function: Stores urine

10. Small Intestine- Duodenum: Function: First part of the small intestine; receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the pancreas and liver; continues digestion

11. Small Intestine- Ileum: Function: Last part of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients and passes them to the large intestine

12. Small Intestine- Jejunum: Function: Middle part of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients

13. Heart- Right Atrium: Function: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body

14. Heart- Left Atrium: Function: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

15. Heart- Left Ventricle: Function: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

16. Heart- Right Ventricle: Function: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

17. Kidney- Renal Cortex: Function: Outer layer of the kidney; filters blood to form urine

18. Kidney- Renal Medulla: Function: Inner layer of the kidney; concentrates urine

19. Kidney- Renal Pelvis: Function: Collects urine and passes it to the ureter

20. Lung- Left: Function: Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and the blood

21. Lung- Right: Function: Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and the blood

22. Trachea- Bronchi: Function: Conducts air from the trachea to the lungs

23. Trachea- Larynx: Function: Voice Box

Structures

1. Calcaneus/Calcaneal Tendon: Function: Point of insertion for muscles that extend the foot (plantar flexion)

2. Pinnae: Function: External ear; collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal

3. Nictitating Membrane: Function: Third eyelid; protects and moistens the eye

4. Tori: Function: Pads on the paws; provide cushioning and traction

5. Vibrissae: Function: Whiskers; sensory hairs used for tactile sensation

6. Pes (foot): Function: Used for ambulation

7. Manus (hand): Function: Used for grasping

8. Sciatic Nerve: Function: Major nerve of the posterior thigh; innervates muscles of the thigh and leg

9. Femoral Artery: Function: Major artery of the thigh; supplies blood to the lower limb

10. Femoral Nerve: Function: Major nerve of the anterior thigh; innervates muscles of the thigh

11. Male/Female: Function: Reproduction

12. Rugae: Function: Folds in the stomach lining which allow for expansion when food is present.

13. Villi/Microvilli: Function: Increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption

14. Cardioesophageal Sphincter: Function: Regulates the passage of food from the esophogus into the stomach and prevents the contents from re-entering (reflux).

15. Pyloric Sphincter: Function: Regulates the release of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.

16. Ileocecal Valve: Function: Regulates the passage of digested material from the ileum into the large intestine and prevents backflow.

17. Linea Alba: Function: Midline tendinous seam joining abdominal muscles.

18. Anterior (Cranial): Function: Refers to the front or head region of the body.

19. Posterior (Caudal): Function: Refers to the tail or hind region of the body.

20. Dorsal (Superior): Function: Refers to the back or upper surface of the body.

21. Ventral (Inferior): Function: Refers to the belly or lower surface of the body.

22. Transverse Plane: Function: Divides the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) parts.

23. Sagittal Plane: Function: Divides the body into left and right parts.

24. Frontal (Coronal) Plane: Function: Divides the body into anterior (cranial) and posterior (caudal) parts.

25. Superior (Anterior) / Inferior (Posterior) Vena C