CP Informative speaking slides

Informative Speaking

Definition

Speeches that aim to teach something new.

Goals

  • Make the audience aware of a phenomenon.

  • Explain it to deepen understanding.

Ethics of Information

  • Understanding when information should be kept secret vs when it can be public.

  • Importance of being a good steward of information.

Information We Explain

Types of Information


  • Objects: Tangible items that can be described or analyzed.(Example: A smartphone, which can be examined for its features.)


  • Processes: Steps involved in accomplishing a task or explaining how something works.(Example: The process of photosynthesis in plants.)


  • Events: Specific occurrences that have taken place.(Example: The signing of the Declaration of Independence.)


  • Concepts: Abstract ideas that need clarification.(Example: Democracy as a form of government.)

Patterns of Organization


  • Spatial: Organizing based on how parts relate physically.(Example: Explaining the layout of the human digestive system.)


  • Chronological: Organizing by time sequence of events or processes.(Example: The timeline of World War II.)


  • Cause-Effect: Highlighting how certain causes lead to specific outcomes.(Example: How pollution leads to climate change.)


  • Problem-Solution: Addressing problems and presenting solutions.(Example: Discussing the problem of plastic waste and suggesting recycling initiatives.)


  • Topical: Dividing information into categories or subtopics.(Example: Discussing types of renewable energy sources.)

Difficult Concepts

Informative speeches often handle challenging concepts:


  • Language: Use of complex or unfamiliar vocabulary.(Example: Using terms like "photosynthesis" without definition.)


  • Structures: Difficulty in comprehending the structure or organization of concepts.(Example: Understanding the concept of blockchain technology.)


  • Ideas: Some concepts may seem unbelievable or far-fetched.(Example: Quantum physics principles.)

Difficult Language

Strategies to clarify difficult vocabulary:


  • Elucidating Explanations: Provide clear and detailed definitions.(Example: Defining “epidemiology” as the study of how diseases spread.)

Process of Explanation


  • Offer a common exemplar.(Example: Using a common car engine to explain mechanical processes.)

  • Provide a definition.


  • Give several examples and nonexamples.(Example: Defining a mammal and contrasting it with fish.)

  • Allow opportunities to practice identifying examples and nonexamples.

Difficult to Picture

Challenges in visualization may arise:


  • Difficulty forming an overall impression of a phenomenon.(Example: Understanding the vastness of the universe.)


  • Trouble seeing the parts, processes, and interrelations.(Example: The connections between ecosystems.)

Solutions:


  • Use quasi-scientific explanations.(Example: Allegories in science like “the greenhouse effect.”)


  • Include graphic features like diagrams.(Example: Infographics showing data trends.)


  • Provide a clear explanation of interrelations.(Example: Explaining the water cycle and its components.)

Difficult to Believe

Counterintuitive concepts may be hard to accept.

Use of transformative explanations:


  • Acknowledge and address lay theories about a concept.(Example: Discussing common misconceptions about vaccines.)


  • Explain why these theories may seem plausible but are incorrect.(Example: Clarifying why homeopathy lacks scientific basis.)


  • Introduce the new concept and explain its effectiveness.(Example: Presenting evidence for the effectiveness of mask-wearing during pandemics.)

Strategies to Help Audience Understanding

Techniques to enhance comprehension:


  • Repetition: Reiterate key points.(Example: Summarizing main points at the end of a presentation.)


  • Rewards: Incentivize attention and learning.(Example: Offering a small quiz with prizes.)


  • Show and Tell: Use visuals or demonstrations.(Example: Demonstrating how to use a mathematical formula.)


  • Build on Existing Knowledge: Connect new information with prior knowledge.(Example: Relating historical events to current political landscapes.)


  • Use Humor: Make the material engaging.(Example: Incorporating jokes relevant to the topic being discussed.)


  • Check for Understanding: Engage the audience to ensure they follow along.(Example: Asking the audience questions throughout the speech.)

Delivering Information Dialogically

Engage the audience in a conversation about the topic:


  • Provide multiple examples to clarify points.(Example: Using various case studies to illustrate a concept.)


  • Observe audience’s nonverbal cues for engagement.(Example: Noticing when the audience appears confused or disengaged.)


  • Aim for understanding rather than mere agreement.(Example: Encouraging discussion and questions from the audience.)


  • Ask clarifying questions to deepen discussion.(Example: Inviting questions that probe deeper into the topic.)


  • Maintain interest and attention throughout the presentation.(Example: Alternating between storytelling and data presentation.)


  • Provide clear points and proper references for credibility.*(Example: Citing reputable sources and studies to support arguments).