DEALER MANUAL
(Chapter #1)
1. List the three ways pesticides can be named: Chemical name, Common name, Product name
2. How are pesticides grouped? By target pest, how the pesticide works and chemical family
3. Name two types of solid formulations: Any two of: dust, granule, pellet, soluble granule, soluble powder, dry flowable, wettable powder, bait
(Chapter #2)
1. Which federal act approves and regulates all of the pesticide products used in Canada?: Pest Control Products Act
2. Name the four pesticide classification systems: Domestic, Commercial, Restricted, Manufacturing
3. True or False: The provincial regulation controlling pesticide application is the Pesticide Use and Control Act: False
(Chapter #3)
1. List the three precautionary symbols outlines and what they mean: (1): Octagon: extreme hazards risk/danger (2): Diamond: moderate hazard risk/warning (3): Upside-down triangle: Low hazard risk/caution.
2. The registration number found on a pesticide label is issued by which federal government department?: Health Canada
3. What is the purpose of Safety Data Sheet?: Safety data sheets, are required for hazardous products and provide information needed for safe use and handling of such materials in the workplace. They provide additional information about pest control products that may not be found on the pesticide label.
(Chapter #4)
1. Define acute toxicity: Acute toxicity - symptoms of exposure are produced soon after an exposure to a pesticide, it can occur from exposure to a single dose or multiple doses within 24 hours.
The higher the concentration of active ingredients to the greater the hazard of acute toxicity
.
2. When a pesticide enters the mouth - this route of entry is known as: Ingestion or oral exposure
3. List three ways a dealer may be exposed to pesticides: Any 3 of: spills, leaking containers, unloading trailers, vapours, handling contaminated containers, clothing or equipment, accidental ingestion
(Chapter #5)
1. Why is it important to regularly review safety procedures?: Familiarity may cause the dealer to become careless or complacent, safety procedures or product information may have changed, repetition encourage automatic adoption
2. Describe what types of gloves should be used when handling pesticides: Gloves should be long enough to cover the wrists and be made of nitrile rubber, polyethylene or neoprene and must be unlined and should have no holes.
3. Name four considerations for preventing personal exposure to pesticides in a retail outlet: Any 4 of: avoid touching face and head, wash hands, recognize pathways of transfer, clean up any contamination, clean before going into the office or using vehicles, avoid personal contact with others, shower and wash thoroughly at the end of the day
(Chapter #6)
1. How does soil texture influence adsorption?: Soils that have a large proportion of very fine soil particles or high levels of organic matter will adsorb larger quantities of pesticides. When soil is wet, water competes for sites in the soil so that pesticide may not be held on the soil particles
2. What are the differences between point source and non-point sources of contamination?: Point source contamination occurs when a large among of contaminant is released in a small area and the source is easily identifiable, non-point sources occur when the contaminant is released over a large area and the source is not easily identifiable.
3. True or False: Non-target species may be affected by pesticide use: True
(Chapter #7)
1. What factors affect action thresholds?: Type of pest, numbers or extent of pest, value/importance of the area being protected, stage of the pest life/reproductive cycle, weather conditions, type and cost of treatment
2. Using crop rotation is an example of what type of IPM control method? Cultural
3. What three conditions must be present for a pathogenic disease to develop?: A disease-causing organism (pathogen), a host susceptible to the disease, an environment favourable to the disease organism and/or unfavourable to the host.
(Chapter #8)
1. A pesticide is to be applied at a rate of 0.6L/ha. The total area to be treated in 180 ha.
How many 10 L containers will be required to do this job?: amount = 180ha x 0.6L/ HA = 300L
300L/10L per container = 30 containers.
2. A pesticide container holds 10 L of product. The rate of application is 0.9 L/ac. How many acres will one container treat?
10L Per container/ .9L per acre = 11 ac per container
3. What advise should a dealer provide to a customer regarding label rates?: To apply pesticides according to the instructions on the label, that the customer reads the label and that application in excess of the label rates is illegal.
(Chapter #9)
1. Who is the Emergency Response Plan Coordinator for your retail location? What is the responsibility of a Coordinator?: Answer will be dependent on the company. To execute and coordinate the emergency response plan during drills and in emergencies.
2. In which order do you treat pesticide contamination?: Respiratory, eye, skin and ingestion
3. You find a co-worker in the pesticide storage shed who requires first aid. What steps do you take?: Make sure you will not be placed in danger, use personal protective equipment, remove the victim from the contamination
(Chapter #10)
1. How can pesticide dealers conduct business in a professional manner? Follow provincial regulations, keep records of sale, follow display guidelines, insure the business
2. As a dealer when you maintain safety for your co-workers and clients, respond quickly to requests and act in a polite manner, what are you exhibiting: A good attitude
3. True or False: The dealer usually the last person to speaker to the end user of the product: True
Absorbent Material: Material that will absorb and hold chemical compounds. Often used for pesticide spill cleanup. e.g. clay, Zorb-all, etc.
Absorption: The movement of a substance into humans, plants, animals, microorganisms or soil.
Acetylcholine: A chemical compound formed to conduct nerve impulses over the microscopic gap between nerves or between nerves and muscles.
Activator: A chemical added to a pesticide to increase its activity.
Activated Charcoal: A finely ground form of charcoal used to absorb chemical compounds. It is used in respirators and other filtering devices.
Active Ingredient: Often referred to as a.i. The part of the pesticide formulation that is the toxic agent and responsible for pesticide activity.
Acute Exposure: A single exposure to a hazardous substance. (May be multiple exposures within a short time frame, i.e. a few hours).
Acute poisoning: Severe poisoning that occurs from acute exposure to a toxic substance.
Acute toxicity: The toxic response (poisoning) resulting from a single dose or exposure to a toxic substance.
Adjuvant: A substance added to a pesticide mixture to improve effectiveness of the active ingredient. e.g. emulsifiers, wetting agents, stickers, etc.
Adsorption: The binding or holding of a chemical substance to a surface by physical or chemical attraction, such as to soil particles.
Agitation: The process of stirring or mixing substances together. (Often in the sprayer).
Antagonism: The loss of activity of a chemical (pesticide) when it is mixed with another different material.
Antidote: A remedy or treatment to counteract the effects of a poison.
Artificial Respiration: The first aid treatment that may be used to restore breathing when it has stopped.
Bait: The substance (often food) used to attract a pest to a trap or to a pesticide.
Bait Shyness: The tendency for pests to avoid a poisoned bait.
Biological Control: the use of living organisms, often a naturally occurring control agent, to control pests.
Carcinogenic: Cancer Causing
Caustic: A corrosive material that can burn the skin. Generally, refers to materials that have a high pH (>7)
Chemo sterilant: A chemical compound that prevents reproduction.
Chlorosis: The yellowing of the green tissue of a plant.
Cholinesterase: An enzyme in humans that is required for the normal functioning of the nervous system. It is inhibited by some pesticides.
Chronic Exposure: Repeated exposure to a substance over a relatively long period of time (months or longer).
Chronic Toxicity: The toxic effect that results from the additive effect of repeated small doses of a toxin over a long period of time.
Compatibility: The ability of two or more substances to combine satisfactorily.
Concentrate: A pesticide formulation available commercially that is usually diluted for application.
Concentration: The amount of active ingredient presents in a given volume or weight of formulated product (5 or gm/L)
Cultural control: Pest control methods that are part of the normal production practices.
Decontaminate: To remove pesticide residues by neutralizing, absorbing, diluting or washing and removing.
Inert Ingredient: Any ingredient in a pesticide formulation which has no pesticidal activity. Inert ingredients may be toxic or harmful to humans.
Ingestion: To take into the body through the mouth.
LC50: A measure of toxicity. The concentration of pesticide or other toxin in air or water that kills 50% of the test animals in a predetermined period.
LD50: A measure of toxicity. The amount of pesticide or other toxin that kills 50% of the test organisms in a predetermined period.
Leaching: Movement of substance downward (or laterally) through the soil as a result of water movement.
Microorganism: A living organism that may be seen only with the aid of a microscope.
Mutagenic: Causing mutations or genetic changes in cells.
NIOSH: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the U.S.A. The institute operates a testing and certification program for protective equipment.
Non-target organism: Any organism not intended to be controlled by the pesticide application.
Noxious: Harmful, undesirable, troublesome, and damaging.
Ocular: Related to the eyes.
Oral: Entering the body through the mouth and digestive tract.
Oral toxicity: The toxicity or poisoning effect resulting when a poisonous substance is taken into the body through the mouth and digestive tract.
Ovicide: A chemical that destroys eggs.
Pathogen: A disease causing organism.
Pathologist: A person who studies disease.
Pest: A harmful or undesirable organism; specifically includes weeds, insects, fungi, rodents, algae, mites, etc.
Pesticide: Any substance or device intended for killing, controlling or managing pests.
Phytotoxic: Causing injury to plants.
Poison: A material that, when it enters the body, usually in small amounts, causes illness or death.
Pre-harvest interval: The number of days between the pesticide application and harvest of the crop.
Re-entry time (re-entry interval): The length of time between the pesticide application and when a person may safely enter the application area without risk of harm.
Residue: The amount of pesticide remaining on the crop, animal or other surface (including the soil) for a period of time after treatment.
Resistance: The ability of an organism to overcome the toxic effect of a harmful substance, specifically a pesticide.
Risk; The possibility of loss, harm, injury or damage. A danger.
Soluble: The ability to dissolve in a liquid
Solution: One or more substances dissolved in another.
Solvent: The liquid which dissolves other chemical substances to form a solution
Surfactant: A material that improves the emulsifying, dispersing, spreading, or wetting characteristics of a pesticide formulation.
Symptom: An outward sign of a disease or poisoning.
Synergism: The increased effectiveness, resulting from combining two factors, that is greater than the sum of each acting independently.
Systemic: To move throughout an organism; a substance that is absorbed and translocated within a plant or animal.
Target pest: The pest at which a particular control measure is directed.
Technical material: The active ingredient in pure or relatively pure form that is used to prepare the commercial formulation.
Teratogenic: Causing abnormalities in developing organisms.
Tolerant: Able to withstand stress or other adverse effects such as pesticides.
Toxicant: The poisonous material. The substance that causes the poisoning.
Toxicity: The ability of a substance to cause poisoning.
Toxin: A poison; includes naturally occurring poisons produced by plants, animals or microorganisms
Volatility: The ease with which a substance evaporates. High volatility means the substance evaporates very readily
Wetting agent: A substance (an adjuvant or additive) that reduces surface tension of liquids and causes the liquid to spread over the surface it contacts.