Exercise Science Lecture Notes

Exercise Science

• Definition: The study of various aspects of physical activity, exercise, sport, and performance.
• Kinesiology: The study of human movement.

Exercise Psychology

• Definition: The study of how exercise affects mental health and behavior.

Sport Psychology

• Definition: The study of mental factors that influence sports performance.

Exercise Adherence

• Definition: Sticking with an exercise program over time.

Motor Behavior

• Definition: How we control, learn, and develop movements.
• Motor Development: How movement skills grow and change over a lifetime.
• Motor Learning: How we learn and improve movements through practice.
• Motor Control: How the body controls movements.

Biomechanics

• Clinical Biomechanics: Using biomechanics to treat injuries and improve movement.
• Sport Biomechanics: Studying movement in sports to boost performance and prevent injury.

Kinematics vs. Kinetics

• Kinematics: Study of movement without looking at forces.
• Kinetics: Study of forces that cause movement.

Eccentric Contraction

• Muscle lengthening while producing force.

Professional Credentials

• Certification: Proof of meeting professional standards through testing.
• Licensure: Legal permission to work in a profession.
• Registration: Officially listing with an organization to practice a profession.
• Continuing Education Units: Credits for ongoing professional learning.

Research Studies

• Prospective Studies: Research following people over time to study outcomes.
• Evidence-based Medicine: Using research to guide medical decisions.

Nutrients and Physical Activity

• Carbohydrates: Provide energy during moderate to high intensity physical activity or exercise.
• Fats: Provide energy during low to moderate intensity exercise.
• Protein: Important component of skeletal muscle.
• Vitamins: Part of various compounds that regulate metabolism during rest and exercise.
• Minerals: Part of the structure of bone; part of various compounds that regulate metabolism during rest and exercise.

Dietary Changes and Health Outcomes

• Decrease sodium intake: Decreased blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
• Taking a daily multivitamin that includes folic acid and limiting their intake of alcohol: Decreased excess risk of colon cancer associated with a family history of the disease.
• Decreased saturated fat and cholesterol intake: Decreased cardiovascular disease.
• Decreased calcium intake: Increased risk of osteoporosis.
• Decreased simple carbohydrate intake: Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes.
• Increased fruit and vegetable intake: Decreased risk of colon cancer.

Self-Efficacy in Coaching

• Self-Efficacy: Belief in your ability to do something.
  • Mastery: Becoming a D1 athlete for a reason.
  • See others succeed: Pairing freshmen with seniors.
  • Provide encouragement: Positive feedback on technique.
  • Manage negative emotions: Support and assurance of progress.

Information Processing

• Stimulus recognition: Collection of information from the environment.
• Response selection: Decision on what to do after collecting and processing information.
• Response programming: Initiation of an action after a response has been selected.

Planes of Body Movement

• Sagittal: Flexion, extension, hyperextension.
• Frontal: Abduction, adduction, lateral flexion.
• Transverse: Rotation, supination, pronation.
• Other: Circumduction.

Assessment and Equipment in Exercise Science

Professional Organizations and Credentials

• American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM): Personal Trainer
• National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA): Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist
• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND): Registered Dietician

Future Research Areas in Exercise Science

• Exercise and sport nutrition: Role of nutrition in health promotion.
• Exercise and sport psychology: Role of behavior in promotion physical activity and exercise.
• Athletic training and sports medicine: Further development of medical interventions that enhance physical activity in health and disease conditions.

Potential Trends in Exercise Science

• Exercise and sport nutrition: Clarification of the role of nutritional supplements in performance enhancement.
• Exercise and sport psychology: Increased utilization of athletes of all sports.
• Athletic training and sports medicine: Identification of techniques and signals to improve the detection of injuries and the prevention of potential injuries.

Areas of Inquiry for Exercise Scientists

• Prevention
• Rehabilitation

Professional Interview

• Interviewee: Hailee Mayo
• Title & Place of Business: Cheerleading athletic trainer at University of Alabama
• Most Valuable Question: N/A (focused on being okay with not knowing everything)
• Major Takeaway: Networking is crucial for job opportunities.