HUSH 1920s Cultural and Political Landscape

18th amendment: Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Dynamic decade: Refers to the 1920s, characterized by significant social and cultural change.

Modernist vs Traditionalist: A cultural conflict between those embracing modern ideas and those adhering to traditional values.

Reactionaries vs Rebels: Groups opposing change versus those advocating for it.

Harding: Warren G. Harding, the 29th President of the United States.

Mabel Dodge: An influential American patron of the arts and a key figure in the modernist movement.

New Era: A term describing the social and economic changes in the United States during the 1920s.

Consumer Culture: A culture that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts.

Movies: A form of entertainment that became widely popular in the 1920s, often referred to as the 'Golden Age of Hollywood.'

Radio: A medium of communication that became a major source of entertainment and information in the 1920s.

Calvin Coolidge: The 30th President of the United States, known for his quiet demeanor and pro-business policies.

Airplane: A vehicle designed for air travel, which saw significant advancements during the 1920s.

Kelly Act of 1925: Legislation that authorized the U.S. Post Office to contract private airlines for mail delivery.

Air Commerce Act of 1926: Legislation that promoted the development of commercial aviation.

Charles Lindbergh: Famous for making the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in 1927.

Car culture: A social phenomenon that emerged in the 1920s with the rise of automobile ownership.

Model T: The first affordable automobile produced by Ford Motor Company, revolutionizing transportation.

Spectator Sports: Sports that attract large audiences, such as baseball and boxing, which gained popularity in the 1920s.

Jazz music/dances: A genre of music that originated in the African American communities and became widely popular in the 1920s.

Louis Armstrong: A prominent jazz musician known for his trumpet playing and unique vocal style.

Flaming youth: A term describing the rebellious youth culture of the 1920s.

Sigmund Freud: A psychologist whose theories on the unconscious mind influenced modern thought.

Margaret Sanger: A birth control activist and sex educator who founded the American Birth Control League.

New Women: A term referring to women who challenged traditional roles and sought greater independence.

Flappers: Young women in the 1920s known for their unconventional behavior and fashion.

Great Migration: The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North.

Oscar De Priest: The first African American elected to Congress from a Northern state.

NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization fighting for civil rights.

Guinn v US: A Supreme Court case that struck down grandfather clauses used to disenfranchise voters.

Buchanan v Worley: A Supreme Court case that ruled against racial segregation in housing.

Harlem Renaissance: A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem during the 1920s.

Zora Neale Hurston: An influential author and anthropologist associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

James Johnson: A prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance known for his poetry and activism.

Negro Nationalism: A political and cultural movement advocating for the self-determination of African Americans.

Garvey: Marcus Garvey, a leader of the Black nationalist movement in the early 20th century.

UNIA (newspaper): Universal Negro Improvement Association, which published a newspaper promoting Black pride.

Albert Einstein: A theoretical physicist known for developing the theory of relativity.

Modernism: A cultural movement embracing new ideas and rejecting traditional forms.

3 bases: Refers to the foundational concepts in a particular field or discipline.

Armory Show: An art exhibition in 1913 that introduced American audiences to modern art.

Pound: Ezra Pound, a major figure in modernist poetry.

Eliot: T.S. Eliot, a significant modernist poet and playwright.

Stein: Gertrude Stein, an influential American avant-garde writer.

Lost Generation: A term describing a group of American writers who were disillusioned by World War I.

Nativism: A political policy favoring the interests of native inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Emergency Immigration Act of 1921: Legislation that limited the number of immigrants allowed into the U.S.

Immigration Act of 1924: A law that further restricted immigration by establishing quotas based on national origins.

Sacco and Vanzetti: Two Italian immigrants executed for murder in a controversial trial.

Martyres: Individuals who suffer persecution or death for their beliefs.

New Klan (Invisible Empire of Knights of KKK): A resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s, promoting white supremacy.

Kegels: Exercises designed to strengthen pelvic floor muscles.

Anglo-Saxon: Referring to the ethnic group descended from the early Germanic settlers of England.

David Stephenson: A Klan leader whose criminal activities led to the decline of the KKK.

Liberal Protestants: A group of Christians who adapt their beliefs to modern society.

Fundamentalism: A religious movement emphasizing a strict interpretation of scripture.

Conservative Protestants: Christians who uphold traditional beliefs and practices.

William Bryan: A politician and orator known for his opposition to evolution in the Scopes Trial.

Religious civil war: A term describing the conflict between modernist and fundamentalist beliefs.

John Scopes: A teacher tried for violating a Tennessee law against teaching evolution.

Darrow: Clarence Darrow, the defense attorney in the Scopes Trial.

Prohibition: The nationwide ban on alcohol production and sale from 1920 to 1933.

Volstead Act:The law that provided for the enforcement of Prohibition.

Reason prohibition failed: Factors such as widespread disregard for the law and organized crime.

Bootlegging: The illegal production or distribution of alcohol during Prohibition.

Speakeasies: Illegal bars that operated during Prohibition.

Alphonse "scarface" Capone: A notorious gangster who rose to power during Prohibition.

19th amendment: Granted women the right to vote in the United States.

James Cox: A politician who ran against Harding in the 1920 presidential election.

Franklin Roosevelt: The 32nd President of the United States, known for his New Deal policies.

"Normalcy": A term used by Harding to describe a return to pre-war conditions.

Andrew Mellon: The Secretary of the Treasury under Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover.

Mellon Plan: Economic policies aimed at reducing taxes and government spending.

Landmark Budget and Accounting Act of 1921: Legislation that established a formal budget process for the federal government.

Bureau of Budget: An agency created to assist in the preparation of the federal budget.

Reduced Regulation: A policy approach aimed at decreasing government oversight of businesses.

Racial Progressivism: A movement advocating for racial equality and civil rights.

Open shop: A workplace where employees are not required to join a union.

"Yellow dog contracts": Agreements that prohibited workers from joining labor unions.

Nella Larsen: A novelist and important figure in the Harlem Renaissance.

Bessie Smith: A famous blues singer known as the 'Empress of the Blues.'

Billie Holiday: A renowned jazz and blues singer known for her emotive voice.

Ma Rainey: An influential early blues singer known as the 'Mother of the Blues.'

Augusta Savage: A prominent African American sculptor and activist.

Josephine Baker: An American-born French entertainer and civil rights activist.

Florence Mills: A popular African American singer and dancer in the 1920s.

Lois Jones: An influential African American artist known for her paintings.

Warmth of Other Suns: A historical narrative about the Great Migration of African Americans.