GI System Flashcards

Gastrointestinal (GI) System Flashcards

Layers of the GI Tract

  • Q: How many layers make up the walls of the GI tract? A: Four layers:

    • Mucosa

    • Submucosa

    • Muscularis Externa

    • Serosa

Esophagus Structure

  • Q: Which organ has a mucosa of stratified squamous epithelium to resist abrasion?
    A: Esophagus

Flap of Tissue from the Soft Palate

  • Q: What is the flap of tissue hanging from the soft palate?
    A: Uvula

Order of GI Wall Layers

  • Q: What is the correct order of GI wall layers from superficial to deep?

  • A:

    • Serosa

    • Muscularis

    • Submucosa

    • Mucosa

Absorption in the Small Intestine

  • Q: Which organ has columnar epithelium with microvilli for absorption?
    A: Small Intestine

Deglutition

  • Q: What is the common term for deglutition?
    A: Swallowing

Tongue Muscle Differences

  • Q: How do extrinsic tongue muscles differ from intrinsic ones?
    A: Extrinsic muscles originate outside the tongue and insert into it.

Salivary Gland Secretion

  • Q: How much saliva do the major salivary glands secrete daily?
    A: About 1 liter

Permanent Adult Teeth Count

  • Q: How many teeth are in a permanent adult set?
    A: 32 Teeth

Openings of the Stomach

  • Q: What controls the opening from the stomach to the small intestine?
    A: Pyloric Sphincter

  • Q: Where does food go after leaving the stomach?
    A: Small Intestine

Anatomical Order of the Colon

  • Q: What is the anatomical order of the colon? A:

    • Ascending

    • Transverse

    • Descending

    • Sigmoid

Diagnostic Procedures

  • Q: What does a barium enema detect?
    A: Polyps, tumors, and diverticula

Functions of Bile

  • Q: What do bile salts help digest and absorb?
    A: Fats

Gallbladder Surgery

  • Q: What is the surgical removal of the gallbladder called?
    A: Cholecystectomy

Liver Functions

  • Q: Which is not a liver function?
    A: Secretion of insulin

Pancreas Functionality

  • Q: Which organ is both exocrine and endocrine?
    A: Pancreas

Bile Production and Release

  • Q: Where is bile made, stored, and released? A:

    • Made in: Liver

    • Stored in: Gallbladder

    • Released into: Duodenum

Detoxification Process in the Liver

  • Q: What happens to toxins after liver detoxification?
    A: They are converted into nontoxic compounds.

SubLingual Drug Absorption

  • Q: Why are soluble drugs absorbed quickly under the tongue?
    A: The sublingual mucosa is thin and highly vascularized, allowing direct entry into the bloodstream and bypassing liver metabolism for faster action.

Secretory Cells of the Stomach

  • Q: What are the secretory cells of the stomach and their functions? A:

    • Mucous Cells: Secrete protective mucus

    • Parietal Cells: Produce HCl and intrinsic factor

    • Chief Cells: Release pepsinogen and gastric lipase

    • Enteroendocrine Cells: Secrete hormones like gastrin

    • Mucous Neck Cells: Produce thinner mucus

Function of the Gallbladder

  • Q: What is the function of the gallbladder?
    A: To store and concentrate bile, releasing it into the small intestine to aid fat digestion.