Restoration

Kunming-Montral Global Biodiversity Framework - commits the world to effectively conserve and manage at least 30% of global land, freshwater, and marine areas by 2030

Decade of restoration

Started by UN Environmental Programme and Food and Agricultural Organisation

Runs from 2021 to 2030 (which is the same timeline as the SGD)

Definition of restoration

Society for Ecological Restoration - Assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed. These ecosystems ideally require no assistance once they mature.

Types

Active and passive

Median size of restored area of 100 m2

Species diversity: 229 species from 72 coral genera (worldwide there are about 6000 species from about 110 to 130 genera)

60% of all projects reported less than 18 months of monitoring of the restored sites

Survival rate 60 to 70%

Cost -

Costs can vary from some US$ 13,000 per ha to over a hundred million US$ per ha - Economics of Coral Reef Restoration - JAMES P. G. SPURGEON & ULF LINDAHL