MUB

  1. Examine the slave trade. Discuss its African and trans-Saharan roots. What were the economic foundations of the slave trade? Examine the middle passage of the slave trade. Discuss the nature of the journey. What percentage survived the journey?



    1. Who: European colonial powers, African slave traders, African slaves What: The economic foundations of the slave trade Where: Africa, Europe, the Americas When: 15th to 19th centuries Why: Demand for labor in the Americas, profitability of plantation agriculture, racial prejudices, and the desire for economic dominance.

    2. Who: African slaves, European slave traders, and ship captains. What: The Middle Passage, a brutal journey across the Atlantic Ocean. Where: From West Africa to the Americas. When: 16th to 19th centuries. Why: Slaves were forcibly transported to work on plantations, enriching European powers through the exploitation of labor.

    3. Trans-Saharan: To exchange goods such as gold, salt, ivory, slaves, and textiles, fostering cultural exchange and economic growth. From around the 8th century to the 16th century. Across the Sahara Desert, connecting West Africa and North Africa. PRE- arrival of Portuguese in Africa, Gender ration, Triangular trade


    5. How long was the middle passage

      The Middle Passage refers to the journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. It typically lasted around 6 to 8 weeks, but the exact duration varied depending on factors such as weather conditions and the specific route taken by the slave ships.



  2. Examine the nature and conditions of slavery In the Western hemisphere. In what ways did it vary? What were the social and gender implications of slavery


    1. Disease out break, mortality rate, what percent survived the journey, economic foundations, why were they brought across, sugarcane, importance of sugarcane

    2. Who: Enslaved Africans and Indigenous peoples What: System of forced labor and bondage Where: Western Hemisphere (North, Central, and South America, and the Caribbean) When: From the 15th century onwards Why: Economic exploitation, labor needs, and racial hierarchy

    3. Who: Slavery affected millions of Africans who were forcibly brought to the Western Hemisphere as slaves. What: Slavery was a system of forced labor where Africans were treated as property and subjected to harsh conditions. Where: Slavery existed in various parts of the Western Hemisphere, including North America, South America, and the Caribbean. When: Slavery began in the early 16th century and persisted until the late 19th century. Why: Slavery was driven by economic interests, as slave labor was used to cultivate crops and generate wealth for European colonizers. It also had significant social and gender implications, as enslaved individuals faced dehumanization, loss of freedom, and the disruption of family structures. Women often experienced additional hardships, including sexual exploitation and separation from their children.




  3. Examine the unification of Japan. What role did Tokuyugawa Ieyasu play in this movement? How did he influence Japanese history.


    1. Ruled by shoguns, 12th-16th century, Emperor merely a Figure head, what does the emperor do, Constant civil war, 16th century. Sengoku, Military government established by Tokugawa lyasu

      Tokugawa Ieyasu played a crucial role in the unification of Japan. As the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate, he successfully defeated his rivals in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. This victory allowed him to establish a centralized government and bring stability to Japan. Ieyasu's leadership and policies, such as the implementation of the Tokugawa system, helped unify the country and bring about a period of peace known as the Edo period.


  4. What are some of the principals of Confucianism that influence Chinese notions of government and society at this time.

    1. Confucianism, philosophy and social system, emphasized more values, social harmony, and filial piety. Influence education, government and family structure, Framework for social order and hierarchical relationships. Confucian scholars held important positions in the bureaucracy. Ming dynast promoted these teachings

    2. Confucianism greatly influenced Chinese notions of government and society. It emphasized the importance of moral values, social harmony, and hierarchical relationships. Confucian teachings promoted the idea of a virtuous ruler who governed with benevolence and righteousness, while emphasizing the duty of subjects to be loyal and obedient. This philosophy shaped the Chinese bureaucracy, with the civil service examination system based on Confucian principles. Confucianism also emphasized filial piety, which strengthened family values and social order. Overall, Confucianism had a profound impact on shaping Chinese governance and societal norms.