Civil Service Exam 2022 Philippine Constitution, General Information, Current Events

Main Branches of the Government of the Philippines

• The government is divided into three main branches:
  • Legislative: Responsible for making laws.
  • Executive: Enforces laws and is headed by the President.
  • Judicial: Interprets laws and administers justice.

Supreme Court Composition

• The Supreme Court consists of:
  • 1 Chief Justice
  • 14 Associate Justices (Total of 15 Justices)

Commander-in-Chief

• As of 2022, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is:
  • Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.

Executive Power

• Executive power in the Philippines is vested in the:
  • President of the Philippines

Legislative Power

• Legislative power is vested in:
  • Congress of the Philippines, which includes:
  • Senate
  • House of Representatives

Senate Composition

• The Senate consists of:
  • 24 Senators elected at large by voters.

Senatorial Term Length

• The term of office for Senators is:
  • 6 years.

President and Vice-President Term

• The term of office for the President and Vice-President is:
  • 6 years.

House of Representatives Term

• Members of the House of Representatives are elected for:
  • 3 years.

Tax Exemptions

• The following are generally exempt from taxation:
  • Churches and convents
  • Charitable institutions
  • Non-profit cemeteries
• Lands and buildings are not exempt.

Declaration of State of War

• Congress has the exclusive power to declare a state of war by a vote of:
  • Two-thirds of both Houses in joint session.

Bill of Rights Overview

• Article that guarantees no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. This section is known as the Bill of Rights.

Inherent Powers of the State

• The three inherent powers are:
  • Police Power: Restraining the use of liberty and property for public welfare.
  • Power of Eminent Domain: Taking properties for public use with just compensation.
  • Power of Taxation: Imposing charges to raise revenue for public projects.
• Power to Impeach is not one of the inherent powers.

Constitutional Commission Members

• The following are members of the Constitutional Commission:
  • Commission on Elections
  • Civil Service Commission
  • Commission on Audit
• Commission on Civil Rights is NOT a member.

Duties and Responsibilities of Public Officials

• Public officials and employees must:
  • Act promptly on communications from the public.
  • Submit performance reports regularly.
  • Not accept gifts prioritizing queries.
  • Process documents and papers expeditiously.

Voting Initiative

• The right to vote is known as:
  • Suffrage

R.A. 6713 Overview

• This is the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, upholding the principle that public office is a public trust.

Electoral Processes

• An initiative on the Constitution is either approved or rejected by:
  • Plebiscite.
• It is the power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation through election purposes called:
  • Referendum.

Reproductive Health Law

• A law aimed at responsible family planning and proper reproductive methods:
  • Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law.

International Organizations

• World Health Organization (WHO): A specialized agency of the UN concerning international public health.
• APEC: Stands for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, promoting free trade in Asia-Pacific.
• ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations aims for economic growth and cultural development. Non-member country: Hong Kong.

Cybercrime Law

• The law addressing online harmful behavior is:
  • Cybercrime Prevention Act.

Waste Classification

• Biodegradable waste: Breaks down naturally and can be recycled. Non-biodegradable examples include:
  • Plastics, Styrofoam, Metals. Papers are not considered non-biodegradable.

Disaster Management in the Philippines

• DOST project for disaster prevention is Project NOAH.
• PAGASA is the government agency for weather forecasting and stands for:
  • Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.

Renewable Energy Sources

• Examples include:
  • Geothermal, Solar, and Wind energy.

Greenhouse Effect

• A process where thermal radiation from the Earth’s surface is re-radiated by:
  • Greenhouse gases.

USB Standard

• USB stands for:
  • Universal Serial Bus, connecting computers with electronic devices.