Hormones

Hypothalamic Releasing Hormone- Produced by the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates the release of anterior pituitary hormones.

Hypothalamic non-releasing Hormones- are produced by the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary where they stop certain hormones from being released.

Growth Hormone (GH)- growth of bone and muscles

Prolactin (PRO)- growth of mammary glands, milk production in a nursing mother

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)-  release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin or TSH)-release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- in females: estrogen production and egg production, In males: sperm production

Luteinizing Hormone(LH)- in females: ovulation, in males: testosterone

Antidiuretic Hormone- Acts on the kidney, decreases urine output

Oxytocin- Stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection.

Calcitonin-Lowers blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption.

Thyroxine(T4)-Regulates metabolism and growth.

Triiodothyronine(T3)-More potent than T4, regulates metabolism and energy.

Parathyroid Hormone(PTH)-Increases blood calcium by stimulating bone breakdown.

Thymosin-Promotes T-cell development for immune response.

Melatonin- regulates sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms.

Epinephrine- Neurohormone of the adrenal gland used as a heart stimulant, a vasoconstrictor, and a bronchodilator

Norepinephrine- regulates mood and increases heart rate and blood pressure.

Adolesterone-Regulates sodium/potassium balance and blood pressure.

Cortisone- Involved in stress response, inflammation, and metabolism regulation.

Cortisol- Regulates metabolism, stress response, and immune function

Estrogen- Regulates female sexual development and reproductive function

Androgen - regulates male sexual development and characteristics (e.g., muscle mass, hair).

Glucagon-Raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown.

Insulin-Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Progesterone- Regulates the menstrual cycle and supports pregnancy.

Prostaglandins-Involved in inflammation, pain, fever, and muscle contractions.

Leptin- Regulates energy balance by controlling appetite

Erythropoietin(EPO)-Stimulates red blood cell production in response to low oxygen