DIET PROMO

Emphasis on creating healthy lifestyle behaviors to improve overall health and wellness.

Role of Nurse:
- Reviews medical history and conducts a nutritional assessment to identify: - Increased metabolic needs
- Sources of potential ingestion, digestion, or absorption problems
Contributing Factors:
- Chronic diseases - Recent surgeries - Drug or alcohol abuse - Altered cognitive and functional processes

Key food groups to include in a healthy diet is represented by MyPlate: - Dairy - Fruits - Grains - Vegetables - Protein

Classification of BMI:
  - Underweight: <18.5
  - Normal: $18.5 - 24.9$
  - Overweight: $25 - 29.9$
  - Obese: $30 - 34.9$
  - Extremely Obese: 35<

First 6 Months:
- Breastfeeding or iron-fortified formula is essential for a complete diet.
- Consider Vitamin D supplementation for breastfed infants.
4-6 Months:
- Introduction of solids begins. - Introduce one food at a time to evaluate for allergies and tolerance. - Start with iron-fortified rice cereal.
After 6 Months:
- Introduce yellow-orange vegetables and fruits. - At around 9 months, infants typically develop a pincer grasp and can self-feed.

NPO: Nothing by mouth
Diets Modified by Consistency
Diets Modified for Disease:
- Gluten sensitivity
- Celiac disease involves the inability to digest and metabolize gluten.

Vegetarian Diets:
- Exclude all animal products; types include:
- Lacto vegetarian: Includes milk product
- Ovo vegetarian: Includes eggs
Cultural Foods:
  - African American “soul food”
  - Asian American “Chinese food”
  - Latino American “Mexican food”

Nurses must:
- Assess the effects of cultural practices objectively.
- Intervene when clients are at risk for harm due to cultural dietary practices.
Cultural Beliefs:
- In Chinese culture, food is critical for maintaining the balance of yin (cold) and yang (hot). - In some cultures, consuming insects and bugs is accepted.

Primary Prevention:
- Interventions to prevent or slow the onset of disease, including:
- Eating healthy foods
- Engaging in exercise
- Wearing sunscreen
- Receiving immunizations
- Using seatbelts and helmets
- Using condoms.
Secondary Prevention:
- Focused on early detection through screening activities, including:
- Breast self-examinations
- Testicular exams
- Blood pressure screenings
- Diabetes screenings
- Tuberculosis skin tests
- Colonoscopy.
Tertiary Prevention:
- Aims to stop disease progression and return individual to pre-illness status, involving:
- Adaptation to altered health and functioning
- Rehabilitation
- Teaching about assistive devices
- Encouraging coping strategies
- Providing grief and bereavement counseling.

Components of Holistic Health:
- Emotional Health: Stress management, care for emotional crises.
- Nutrition: Balanced and nutritious diet.
- Fitness: Regular physical activity.
- Control of Substance Abuse: Management of alcohol and drug use.
- Medical Self-Care: Knowledge and practices for personal health management.
- Love and Hope: Emotional support and positive outlook towards life.
- Social Connections: Importance of friends, families, and communities.
- Spiritual: Education, career development, and achievements.

Key Elements Include:
  - Smoking cessation
  - Healthy diet
  - Physical activity
  - Responsible alcohol and substance use
  - Maintaining a healthy weight
  - Mental health and emotional well-being
  - Quality sleep.

Key Influencers:
- Genetics and Biology: Innate predispositions to certain health conditions.
- Behavior: Lifestyle choices and habits.
- Environmental and Physical Influences: Impact of surroundings and access to clean water, air, and safe food.
- Access to Medical Care: Availability of healthcare services.
- Culture and Religion: Belief systems that influence health behaviors and practices.

Instructions for Administering Immunizations to a 2 Month Old Infant:
- Tell the mother that slight redness at the injection site is expected.
- Instruct against administering a baby aspirin for comfort.
Inform the mother to notify the healthcare provider if the infant has a temperature greater than 101°F.
- Explain the importance of keeping a detailed record of the child’s immunizations. -
Clarify that the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine will not cause influenza.

Vaccines:
- Tetanus Booster (Tdap or Td): Every 10 years or during wound management.
- MMR: One or two doses for those aged 19 to 49 depending on indications.
- Varicella: Two doses if there is no history of disease.
- Pneumococcal: Once after age 65 or one dose between ages 19-65 for high-risk individuals.
- RSV: Single dose for adults over 60.
- Hepatitis B: Three doses for high-risk clients.
- Influenza: Annually.
- Meningococcal: One or two doses for college students or adults over 56.
- Shingles: Two doses in adults over 50.

Recommended Screening Tests:
- Routine Physical: Annually for females and every two years for males starting age 18.
- Dental Exams: Every 6 months for both genders.
- Blood Cholesterol: Screening every 4-6 years starting age 20.
- Blood Glucose: Begin at 45 years, screening every 1-3 years.
- Colorectal Screening: Colonoscopy every 10 years at age 45 for both genders.
- PSA and Digital Rectal Exam: Begin age 50 for males; for high-risk groups, start at age 45.
- Mammogram: Begin age 40 and annually for females.
- Cervical Cancer Screening: Every 3 years starting at age 21; HPV screening every 5 years from ages 25-65.

Types of Risk Factors:
- Modifiable risk factors: Lifestyle choices that can be changed (e.g., diet, smoking).
- Non-modifiable risk factors: Genetic or inherent conditions (e.g., age, family history).

Stages of Behavior Change:
- Pre-contemplation: Unawareness or denial of the need for change.
- Contemplation: Awareness of the need for change but ambivalence about changing.
- Preparation: Ready to change and developing a plan.
- Action: Actively implementing the change.
- Maintenance: Sustaining the change over time.
- Relapse: Returning to previous behaviors.