BIOLOGY VOCAB

Unit 1 Biochemistry

Chapter 

  • Isotope

  • Valence electrons

  • Covalent bond

  • Ionic bond

  • Hydrogen bond

  • Polar Molecule

  • Nonpolar Molecule

  • Electronegativity


Chapter 

  • Cohesion

  • Adhesion

  • Surface Tension

  • Specific Heat

  • Heat of Vaporization

  • Evaporative Cooling

  • Aqueous solution

  • Hydrophilic 

  • Hydrophobic

  • pH

  • Buffer


Chapter 4

  • Organic Chemistry

  • Isomer

  • Structural isomer

  • Cis-trans isomer

  • Enantiomer isomer

  • Functional Group

  • Hydroxyl

  • Carbonyl

  • Carboxyl

  • Amino

  • Phosphate

  • Methyl





Chapter 

  • Macromolecule

  • Monomer

  • Polymer

  • Dehydration Synthesis

  • Hydrolysis

  • Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharide

  • Polysaccharide

  • Glycosidic Linkage

  • Cellulose

  • Lipid

  • Fatty acid

  • Saturated fatty acid

  • Unsaturated fatty acid

  • Phospholipid

  • Steroids

  • Protein

  • Polypeptide

  • Amino Acid

  • Peptide Bond

  • Primary Structure

  • Secondary Structure

  • Tertiary Structure

  • Quaternary Structure

  • Denature

  • Nucleic Acid

  • Nucleotide












Chapter 

  • Enzyme

  • Catalyst

  • Activation Energy

  • Substrate

  • Active Site

  • Cofactors

  • Coenzymes

  • Competitive Inhibition

  • Noncompetitive Inhibition

  • Allosteric Enzymes

  • Cooperativity

  • Feedback Inhibition














Unit 2: Cells

  1. All Cell Organelle Functions (see quizlet or slides)

  2. Prokaryote

  3. Eukaryote

  4. Diffusion

  5. Osmosis

  6. Hypotonic Solution 

  7. Hypertonic Solution

  8. Isotonic Solution 

  9. Facilitated Diffusion

  10. Surface Area: Volume

  11. Endocytosis

  12. Exocytosis

  13. Active Transport

  14. Water Potential 

  15. Phospholipids

  16.  Glycoproteins 

  17. Glycolipids

  18. Proteins (Integral & Peripheral)

  19. Aquaporins





Unit 3: Bioenergetics

  1. Endergonic

  2. Exergonic

  3. Gibbs Free Energy

  4. Enthalpy

  5. Entropy

  6. Photosynthesis

  7. Chemiosmosis

  8. ATP Synthase

  9. ATP 

  10. Photosynthesis

  11. Cellular Respiration

  12. Glycolysis

  13. Krebs Cycle

  14. Electron Transport Chain

  15. Fermentation 

  16. Chlorophyll

  17. Light Dependent Reactions

  18. Calvin Cycle

  19. Thylakoid

  20. Stroma

  21. Mitochondria

  22. Aerobic

  23. Anaerobic

  24. NADH/NAD+

  25. NADPH/NADP+

  26. Oxidative Phosphorylation

  27. Substrate Level Phosphorylation







Unit 4: Molecular Genetics

  1. DNA

  2. RNA

  3. mRNA

  4. tRNA

  5. Purine

  6. Pyrimidine

  7. Nucleotide

  8. Nucleic Acid 

  9. Okazaki Fragment

  10. DNA Polymerase

  11. RNA Polymerase

  12. Ligase

  13. Helicase

  14. Hydrogen Bond

  15. RNA Processing

  16. Intron 

  17. Exon

  18. 5’ vs 3’ Ends

  19. Replication

  20. Transcription

  21. Translation

  22. Codon

  23. Anticodon

  24. Polypeptide

  25. Ribosome

  26. Somatic Mutation

  27. Germline Mutation

  28. Gene Regulation

  29. Enhancer

  30. Activator

  31. Silencer

  32. Repressor

  33. Regulatory Protein

  34. Regulatory Sequence

  35. Transcription Factor

Unit 5: Bacteria/Viruses

  1. Bacteria

  2. Virus

  3. Capsid

  4. Bacteriophage

  5. Conjugation

  6. Transformation

  7. Transduction

  8. Antibiotics

  9. Vaccine

  10. Operons

  11. Repressor Protein

  12. Inducer

  13. Promoter

  14. Operator

  15. Reverse Transcriptase

  16. Binary Fission

  17. Lytic Cycle

  18. Lysogenic Cycle

  19. Retrovirus 

  20. Inducible Operon

  21. Repressible Operon

  22. Lac operon

  23. Trp operon













Unit 6: Biotechnology

  1. Recombinant DNA 

  2. Restriction Enzyme

  3. Electrophoresis 

  4. Plasmid

  5. RFLP

  6. Transformation

  7. Buffer

  8. Agar

  9. Ligation

  10. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

  11. Anneal

  12. Primer

  13. Taq Polymerase
























































Unit 7: Cell Communication, Cell Cycle & Division

Cell Communication Terms

  1. cell signaling

  2. signal transduction pathway

  3. direct signaling (juxtacrine or autocrine)

  4. local (paracrine) signaling

  5. long-distance (endocrine) signaling

  6. hormones

  7. reception

  8. transduction

  9. response

  10. ligand

  11. G protein-coupled receptor

  12. G protein

  13. GTP vs GDP

  14. receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)

  15. ion channel receptors

  16. ligand gated ion channel

  17. intracellular receptor

  18. protein phosphorylation

  19. dephosphorylation

  20. protein kinase

  21. protein phosphatase

  22. second messengers

  23. cyclic AMP (cAMP)

  24. signal amplification

  25. quorum sensing

  26. apoptosis


Cell Cycle Terms

  1. Diploid (2n)

  2. Haploid (n)

  3. Chromosome

  4. Cell Cycle

  5. Mitosis

  6. Meiosis

  7. Chromosome

  8. Mitosis-Promoting Factor (MPF)

  9. Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)

  10. Interphase

  11. Cytokinesis

  12. Gamete

  13. Zygote

  14. Homologous Chromosomes

  15. Segregation 

  16. Nondisjunction 

  17. Independent Assortment

  18. Crossing Over

  19. Cyclin

  20. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase















Unit 8: Genetics

1.  Genetics

2. Gregor Mendel

3. Punnet Square

4. Allele

5. Genotype

6. Phenotype

7. Homozygous

8. Heterozygous (hybrid)

9. Segregation

10. Independent Assortment

12. Purebred 

13. F-1, F-2 Generation

14. P-Generation

15. Pedigree

16. Autosomal

17. Sex-Linked

18. Carrier

19. Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid

20. Recombination Frequency

21. Linked Gene

22. Nondisjunction