Aztecs History

Origin

• The origin of the Aztecs is mysterious, linked to the mythical place Aztlán.
• Theories suggest locations from the Pacific coast to northern Mexico.
• The Aztecs were a semi-nomadic people, often displaced.
• Their main god, Huitzilopochtli, directed them to leave Aztlán in search of a better place.

Tenochtitlán Foundation

• After a long journey, they arrived in the Valley of Mexico.
• They were unwelcome due to their customs and warlike nature.
• They were relegated to the swampy fringes of the valley.
• In the swamp, they saw the sign from their god: an eagle on a nopal cactus devouring a snake.
• Their leader was Tenoch, and they founded the city of Tenochtitlán in 1325.

Tenochtitlán

• The Aztecs (Mexicas) built the city and strengthened their nation.
• Through battles and alliances, they became the dominant group in the Valley of Mexico.
• Tenochtitlán had a population of 200,000, possibly the most populated city in the world at the time.
• The city had a complex canal system for traffic, 20 districts with streets, aqueducts for fresh water, and houses with latrines.

Fall of the Aztec Empire

• The city and empire fell on August 13, 1521, to forces led by Hernán Cortés and allied enemies of the Mexicas.
• The city was besieged for months.
• Many died in battle, but more succumbed to new diseases brought by the Spanish.
• Descendants of the original Mexicas still live today, speaking their language.
• Remains of Tenochtitlán can be seen in downtown Mexico City.