RD

Chemistry 1123 PT Prep

  1. Boyle’s law: the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant.
  2. Gay-Lussac's law: the absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant.
  3. Avogadro's principle: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules.
  4. Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ratios of the volumes of gases that react are small whole numbers.
  5. Dalton's law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component of gas.
  6. Charles' law: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant.
  7. Combined gas law: the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are all related if the quantity of gas remains constant.
  8. Kinetic Energy: energy of motion
  9. Potential Energy: energy of position
    1. Diffusion: gradual mixing of two gases due to spontaneous, random motion
    2. Brownian Motion: random movement of microscopic particles resulting from collisions with molecules
    3. Elastic: collision in which particles do not lose energy
    4. Heat: total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance
    5. SI unit of measure- Joule
      ment of heat
    6. Temperature: average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
    7. Heat capacity: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance 1 degree
    8. Specific Heat: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
    9. Heat of Fusion: additional heat required to melt a substance at its melting point
    10. Heat of Vaporization: additional energy required to vaporize a substance at its boiling point
    11. Equilibrium Vapor Pressure: pressure of a gas in re a state of equilibrium with its liquid
    12. Pascal: SI unit of measurement for pressure
    13. Cohesion: molecular force of attraction for other molecules within the same substance
    14. Meniscus: concave depression on the surface of a liquid
    15. Viscosity: ability of a liquid to resist flowing
    16. Crystal: a solid consisting of particles arranged in an orderly, repeating, geometric pattern
    17. X-Ray Diffraction: process used to examine the crystal structure of a solid
    18. Allotrope: one of the different forms of a polymorphous crystalline solid
    19. Amorphous: a type of solid in which the particles have no crystal structure
    20. Polymorphous: a type of solid in which the particles occur in more than one crystal pattern
    21. Capillarity: movement of a liquid up or down a tube because of adhesion
    22. Adhesion: attraction between molecules of two substances in contact with each other
    23. Effusion: gradual escape of a gas through a small opening in its container
    24. gay lusaac's law: P/T=K
    25. combined gas law: PV/T=K
    26. avogadro's principle: V=kn
    27. ideal gas law: PV=nRT
    28. Pt: pt=p1+p2+p3: dalton's law of partial pressures
    29. Ra/Rb = Mb/M: graham's law of effusion/diffusion
    30. charles' law: V/T=k
    31. boyle's law: PV=k
    32. How do gas molecules move?: rapidly, randomly, and constantly in straight-line paths in any direction
    33. equilibrium: exists when two opposing chemical or physical changes occur at equal rates in a closed system.
    34. Surface tension: the property of a liquid that makes the surface of a liquid flat and pulls a droplet into a sphere.
    35. Viscosity, which is affected by temperature is caused bycohesive forces within a liquid.
    36. The pattern of a crystal is caused by the attraction and repulsion of electrically charged particles within the crystal.
    37. The Kelvin Scale represents the absolute temperature and its degrees are always expressed as positive numbers