Chemistry 1123 PT Prep

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1. Boyle’s law: the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant.
2. Gay-Lussac's law: the absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant.
3. Avogadro's principle: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules.
4. Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ratios of the volumes of gases that react are small whole numbers.
5. Dalton's law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component of gas.
6. Charles' law: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant.
7. Combined gas law: the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are all related if the quantity of gas remains constant.
8. Kinetic Energy: energy of motion
9. Potential Energy: energy of position
   10. Diffusion: gradual mixing of two gases due to spontaneous, random motion
   11. Brownian Motion: random movement of microscopic particles resulting from collisions with molecules
   12. Elastic: collision in which particles do not lose energy
   13. Heat: total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance
   14. SI unit of measure- Joule
       ment of heat
   15. Temperature: average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
   16. Heat capacity: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance 1 degree
   17. Specific Heat: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
   18. Heat of Fusion: additional heat required to melt a substance at its melting point
   19. Heat of Vaporization: additional energy required to vaporize a substance at its boiling point
   20. Equilibrium Vapor Pressure: pressure of a gas in re a state of equilibrium with its liquid
   21. Pascal: SI unit of measurement for pressure
   22. Cohesion: molecular force of attraction for other molecules within the same substance
   23. Meniscus: concave depression on the surface of a liquid
   24. Viscosity: ability of a liquid to resist flowing
   25. Crystal: a solid consisting of particles arranged in an orderly, repeating, geometric pattern
   26. X-Ray Diffraction: process used to examine the crystal structure of a solid
   27. Allotrope: one of the different forms of a polymorphous crystalline solid
   28. Amorphous: a type of solid in which the particles have no crystal structure
   29. Polymorphous: a type of solid in which the particles occur in more than one crystal pattern
   30. Capillarity: movement of a liquid up or down a tube because of adhesion
   31. Adhesion: attraction between molecules of two substances in contact with each other
   32. Effusion: gradual escape of a gas through a small opening in its container
   33. gay lusaac's law: P/T=K
   34. combined gas law: PV/T=K
   35. avogadro's principle: V=kn
   36. ideal gas law: PV=nRT
   37. Pt: pt=p1+p2+p3: dalton's law of partial pressures
   38. Ra/Rb = Mb/M: graham's law of effusion/diffusion
   39. charles' law: V/T=k
   40. boyle's law: PV=k
   41. How do gas molecules move?: rapidly, randomly, and constantly in straight-line paths in any direction
   42. equilibrium: exists when two opposing chemical or physical changes occur at equal rates in a closed system.
   43. Surface tension: the property of a liquid that makes the surface of a liquid flat and pulls a droplet into a sphere.
   44. Viscosity, which is affected by temperature is caused bycohesive forces within a liquid.
   45. The pattern of a crystal is caused by the attraction and repulsion of electrically charged particles within the crystal.
   46. The Kelvin Scale represents the absolute temperature and its degrees are always expressed as positive numbers

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