Boyle’s law: the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant.

Gay-Lussac's law: the absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant.

Avogadro's principle: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules.

Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, the ratios of the volumes of gases that react are small whole numbers.

Dalton's law of partial pressures: the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component of gas.

Charles' law: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant.

Combined gas law: the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas are all related if the quantity of gas remains constant.

Kinetic Energy: energy of motion

Potential Energy: energy of position

Diffusion: gradual mixing of two gases due to spontaneous, random motion

Brownian Motion: random movement of microscopic particles resulting from collisions with molecules

Elastic: collision in which particles do not lose energy

Heat: total kinetic energy of all the molecules of a substance

SI unit of measure- Joule ment of heat

Temperature: average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

Heat capacity: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance 1 degree

Specific Heat: amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.0 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius

Heat of Fusion: additional heat required to melt a substance at its melting point

Heat of Vaporization: additional energy required to vaporize a substance at its boiling point

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure: pressure of a gas in re a state of equilibrium with its liquid

Pascal: SI unit of measurement for pressure

Cohesion: molecular force of attraction for other molecules within the same substance

Meniscus: concave depression on the surface of a liquid

Viscosity: ability of a liquid to resist flowing

Crystal: a solid consisting of particles arranged in an orderly, repeating, geometric pattern

X-Ray Diffraction: process used to examine the crystal structure of a solid

Allotrope: one of the different forms of a polymorphous crystalline solid

Amorphous: a type of solid in which the particles have no crystal structure

Polymorphous: a type of solid in which the particles occur in more than one crystal pattern

Capillarity: movement of a liquid up or down a tube because of adhesion

Adhesion: attraction between molecules of two substances in contact with each other

Effusion: gradual escape of a gas through a small opening in its container

gay lusaac's law: P/T=K

combined gas law: PV/T=K

avogadro's principle: V=kn

ideal gas law: PV=nRT

Pt: pt=p1+p2+p3: dalton's law of partial pressures

Ra/Rb = Mb/M: graham's law of effusion/diffusion

charles' law: V/T=k

boyle's law: PV=k

How do gas molecules move?: rapidly, randomly, and constantly in straight-line paths in any direction

equilibrium: exists when two opposing chemical or physical changes occur at equal rates in a closed system.

Surface tension: the property of a liquid that makes the surface of a liquid flat and pulls a droplet into a sphere.

Viscosity, which is affected by temperature is caused bycohesive forces within a liquid.

The pattern of a crystal is caused by the attraction and repulsion of electrically charged particles within the crystal.

The Kelvin Scale represents the absolute temperature and its degrees are always expressed as positive numbers