grammar

noun-adjective-verb order

the adjective goes behind the noun, classifier goes in front of the noun, verb goes behind the noun, and the adjective is in front of the verb (adjectives w/ a noun becomes a phrase).

• [noun][verb (if necessary)][classifier][noun].

examples:

my younger brother = adik lelaki saya

blue cars = kereta-kereta warna biru

suffixes and prefixes

suffixes

[...]-nya:

indicates belonging, to the most recent person mentioned. if it is not referring to the most recently mentioned person, specification is necessary (YOU GOTTA SPECIFY!!!🤬🤬)

[…]-an:

changing a verb to a noun.

eg. per + rasa (taste) + an → perasaan (feelings)

[…]-i:

when referring to oneself.

[…]-kan:

[person (does)] [verb]-kan [noun]

noun expansions

n. + adj. → eg. kucing itu sangat comel. (sangat - very: intensifier)

n. + n. → polis itu ayah kayla.

n. + v. → naomi berbasikal ke sekolah.

p-t-s-k rule

if the root words begins with p/t/s/k, and the word being transformed contains a “me”, they will be turned into the following:

• P: turned into m

  • eg. pulang + me → memulangkan, pastikan + me → memastikan

• T: turned into n

  • eg. tolong + me → menolong, tarik + me → menarik, tolok + me → menolok

• S: turned into ny

  • eg. sayang + me → menyayangi, sebut + me → menyebut

• K: turned into ng

  • keluar + me → mengeluarkan

dari vs daripada

transitive verbs