Module 1 Dental Radiography
Proper prescribing of radiographs is an example of a patient protection technique used
before x-ray exposure
List some other steps a dental radiographer can take to decrease x-ray exposure for their patient:
Lead apron, thyroid collar, proper equipment, prescribing radiographs, PID, using a beam alignment device, and exposure selection.
A dental radiographer can monitor how much radiation they are exposed to by wearing a film badge at
the waist level
_____ _____ refers to the placement of aluminum discs in the path of the x-ray beam between the collimator and the tubehead seal which results in a more penetrating useful beam.
added filtration
State and federal laws require that dental x-ray machines operating above 70 kVp have a minimum total (inherent plus added filtration) of ___ of aluminum filtration; below 70 kVp would require ___ of aluminum filtration.
2.5;1.5
A ______ collimator significantly reduces patient exposure as it restricts the size of the beam significantly.
rectangular
When would a dental radiographer want to use a thyroid collar along with a lead apron?
When taking all intraoral x-rays.
Protection for a dental radiography requires proper shielding as well as maintaining a
distance of _____ from the source of radiation.
six feet
The primary rule of operator protection guidelines is that the operator must avoid the
primary beam
To avoid the primary beam, the dental radiographer must be positioned at a _____
degree angle to the beam.
90-135
The maximum permissible dose of radiation for dental personnel is ____ mSv in any 1 year.
50
The maximum permissible dose of radiation for pregnant dental personnel is ____ mSv per month during the pregnancy months
0.5
The concept that states that all radiation must be kept as low as reasonably achievable is
ALARA
Radiation exposure is
cumulative
In some dental x-ray machines, only the _______ _______ can be altered as all other
technical factors are preset by the manufacturer.
exposure time
Dental radiographers should ___ hold an image receptor or tube head when performing radiographic exams on a patient!!!!!!!!
NEVER
The beam alignment device that we use in clinic is the _______ __ ___.
XCP by Rinn
The ____ ____ ____ is an extension of the tubehead.
PID (position indicating device)
A ____ ____ is used to stabilize the intraoral receptor in place when utilizing the paralleling technique.
receptor holder
The ____ ___ allows for positioning of the tubehead.
extension arm
During an exposure the exposure button is firmly depressed until the ____ exposure time is completed.
preset
The component of the x-ray machine that houses the x-ray tube is the _______.
tubehead
he component part of the dental x-ray machine that allows movement and positioning of the tubehead is termed the ______ ___.
extension arm
The kilovoltage, milliamperage, and time are all regulated through the ____ _____.
control panel
The ______ device is used to restrict the size of the x-ray beam to the size of the receptor being used.
collimating
n regard to the portable x-ray units (Nomad), operator exposure is limited by the use of a ___ ___ ___ shield around the PID.
lead acrylic disk
Dental images are a necessary component of ______ patient care
comprehensive
Dental images enable the dental professional to see many conditions that may otherwise go ______.
undetected
______ resulting in unnecessary patient exposure to x-radiation must be avoided at all times.
retakes
What should a dental radiographer always avoid to reduce occupational exposure?
primary beam.
Discussing the rationale for use of dental images would be an example of the use of
interpersonal skills
An RDH must not only possess sufficient knowledge in regard to dental anatomy and
radiography but must also have the _____ skills to be proficient in performing the necessary radiography exams.
technical skills
When nonverbal messages are not consistent with verbal messages, the patient is more likely to respond with
apprehension
When a patient trusts the dental professional, the patient is more likely to _____ with prescribed treatment.
comply
When dental images are properly prescribed, exposed, and processed, the _____ of disease detection far outweights the risk of the small doses of x-radiation.
benefits
The Rinn XCP is a
Beam alignment device
The position indicating device (PID) is an extension of the
tubehead
What is the purpose of the XCP receptor holder?
It is required to align an extraoral dental x-ray receptor
The _____ allows for positioning of the tubehead
extension arm
During an exposure
The exposure button is firmly depressed until the preset exposure time is completed
Under which of the following conditions must you wear your mask and safety glasses and shield?
1. Only during surgical procedures
2. whenever the high-speed handpiece is being used
3. whenever spatter and aerosols of blood and saliva are likely
4. all of the above
4. all of the above
Chain of transmission (5 things)
Infectious agent must be present, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry
critical instruments are defined as
instruments used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
antiseptic is
a substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria
pathogens
microorganisms capable of causing disease
preparation of supplies and equipment involves sterilizing which of the following
1. sensor
2. receptor holding device
3. lead apron
4. PID
2. receptor holding device
which of the following is a semi-critical device
1. exposure button
2. x-ray control panel
3. lead apron
4. receptor holding device
4. receptor holding device
Pathogens can be transmitted through what
1. patient to you
2. you to patient
3. patient to patient
which surfaces on the x-ray machine must be covered or disinfected?
1. control panel
2. exposure button
3. tube head
4. position indicating device
5.all of the above
5. all of the above
What are some methods when breaking the chain of infection?
Clinical Identification of Lesions, Standard Precautions, Control of Aerosols, Immunization, Treatment of Secondary Infection, Waste Disposal
PPE order (donning and doffing)
1. Overcoat/Gown
2. Face Mask
3. Eye protection
4. Face shield
5. Gloves
1-5 when donning 5-1 when doffing