Ch:24 Anatomy Key Terms

Acrosome: Cap topping the head of the sperm that contains enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg

Ampulla: Middle portion of the fallopian tube

Areola: Pigmented area encircling the nipple of the breast Bartholin's glands: Two pea-sized glands on either side of vaginal opening that secrete a fluid to lubricate the vulva Bulbourethral glands: Pea-sized

gland that secrets a clear fluid into penile portion of urethra during sexual arousal

Cervix: Inferior end of the uterus Clitoris: Small mound of erectile tissue in female external genitalia Contraception: Any method used to prevent pregnancy Corpus albicans: Inactive scar tissue that results when the corpus luteum degenerates Corpus cavernosa: Two large cylinders of tissue within the shaft of the penis

Corpus luteum: Remnants of the ovarian follicle after ovulation that secretes large amounts of progesterone and small amounts of estrogen Corpus spongiosum: Small cylinder of tissue encircling the urethra in the shaft of the penis Cremaster muscle: Muscle surrounding spermatic cord and testes Endometrium: Vascular mucous membrane lining the uterus; thickens each cycle in anticipation of receiving a fertilized egg

Epididymis: Convoluted tube

resting on the side of the testes in which sperm mature Estrogen: Hormone secreted by the ovaries that is responsible for stimulating development of

female secondary sex characteristics; it also plays a role in triggering ovulation

Fallopian tubes: Tubes extending from near the ovary to the uterus Fimbriae: Finger-like projections at the ends of the fallopian tubes Follicular phase: Portion of the ovarian cycle during which several follicles in the ovary resume development Fornices: Pockets formed by extension of the vagina beyond the cervix Fundus: Upper portion of the uterus

Gametes: Sex cells, which include the sperm in males and eggs in females

Glans penis: Slightly bulging head of the penis

Gonad: Primary sex organs; includes the testes in males and the ovaries in females

Graafian follicle: A mature follicle of the ovary

Hymen: Fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance to the vagina

Infundibulum: Funnel-shaped, distal end of the fallopian tube Isthmus: Portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus

Labium majus: One of two thick folds of skin and adipose tissue forming female external genitalia Labium minus: One of two

thinner, hairless folds of skin just inside labium majus in female external genitalia Leydig cells: Cells lying between seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone Luteal phase: Portion of the ovarian cycle occurring after ovulation and before menstruation

Meiosis: Process of cell division producing cells (eggs or sperm) that contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells Menarche: First menstrual period Menopause: The period that marks the permanent cessation of menstruation Menstrual cycle: Part of the reproductive cycle that focuses on changes in the uterus Menstruation: Cyclical shedding of uterine endometrium Mons pubis: Mound of haircovered adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis Myometrium: Smooth muscle layer of the uterus; contracts during delivery

Oocyte: Immature egg Oogenesis: Process whereby a mature ovum is formed Ovarian cycle: Part of the reproductive cycle that centers on changes in the ovaries

Ovarian follicle: Oocyte and surrounding follicular cells

Perimetrium: Outer serous layer of uterine wall

Prepuce: Foreskin of penis

Prostate gland: Gland that surrounds the neck of the bladder and urethra in males; secretes alkaline fluid that forms part of semen

Rete testis: Network of vessels leading away from the seminiferous tubules

Scrotum: Sac of tissue surrounding the testes

Semen: Whitish fluid containing sperm emitted during ejaculation

Seminal vesicle: Gland opening into the vas deferens that secretes many components of semen

Seminiferous tubules: Tiny ducts in the testes in which sperm are produced

Sertoli cells: Cells contained in the wall of seminiferous tubules that promote the development of sperm by supplying nutrients, removing waste, and secreting hormone inhibin Spermatogenesis: Sperm formation that takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles Testes: Male organs that manufacture sperm and produce the male hormone testosterone

Testosterone: Primary male sex hormone; secreted by the testes Uterus: Muscular chamber that houses and nurtures a growing embryo and fetus

Vas deferens: Tube that carries sperm out of the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

Vestibule: Area inside the labia containing urethral and vaginal openings