Ch.9 Study Guide
How can the Constitution be amended? - by two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress. Congress adds amendments.
Alien Laws - Acts passed by a Federalists raising residency requirements from five to fourteen years, authorized the President to deport aliens and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime. Immigrants voluntarily ted against Federalists.
Sedition Act - Enacted by the Federalists Congress in an effort to clamp down Jeffersonian opposition. Direct violation of Constitution. Claimed to protect govt.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions - A brilliant formulation of the extreme state rights view regarding the Union. Kentucky= Thomas Jefferson, Virginia= James Madison
Quasi War with France - Undeclared naval conflict between the U.S. and formal ally, France. Quasi=fake
XYZ Affair - Diplomatic conflict between France and U.S. over a bribe and loan; resulted in Quasi War.
Convention of 1800 - Agreement to formally dissolve the U.S. treaty with France. Ended Quasi War, Napoleon did not have time to fight.
Bill of Rights - The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. If cons. doesn’t say it, the power goes to the state.
Judiciary Acts of 1789 - Organized Supreme Court, with chief justice and federal district and circuit court .
Funding at Par - The federal govt. would pay off its debt at face value→ amount initially agreed upon.
Assumption - Transfer of debt from one party to another.
Tariff - Tax levied on imports.
Excise Tax - Tax on goods produced domestically.
Strict Constitution - Belief that all powers not specifically to the central govt. is reserved to the states.
Bank of the United States - Chartered by Congress, printed paper money, a depository for Treasury fund. Hamilton’s legacy.
Battle of Wabash - "St. Clair's Defeat," battle in the Northwest Territories between an American military expedition and a coalition of Native Americans. Fought at Great Lakes, the Natives won.
Whiskey Rebellion - A violent liquor tax protest beginning 1791-1794. Overstep of govt. power.
Reign of Terror - Ten-month period of brutal repression when 40,000 individuals were executed as enemies of the French Revolution. Happened in France, Loyalists or ppl not involved were targeted.
Haitian Revolution - A successful uprising in the French colony of Saint Dominique (Haiti).
Neutrality Proclamation - Issued by George Washington , proclaimed America's formal neutrality.
Battle of Fallen Timbers - Decisive battle between the Miami Confederacy and the U.S. Army.
Treaty of Greenville - Under the terms of the treaty , land in exchange for cash, hunting rights and recognition.
Jay's Treaty - Negotiated by the Chief Justice John Jay in an effort to avoid war with Britain. Treaty included a promise to evacuate, and pay damages in fear of Anglo- Americans. Makes France think we joined France creates → Pinckney’s Treaty; Quasi War
Pinckney's Treaty - Signed with Spain, which granted Americans negotiation of the Mississippi and FL. Gained Warehouse rights, West FL, Mississippi.
Farewell Address - Washington address at the end of his presidency, warning against permanent alliances.
Citizen Genet - An ambassador/representative from the French Republic. Almost starts war with Britain and is fired.
“Mad Anthony” Wayne - An American general. Gave US an important victory.
Charles Mauric de Talleyrand - A French foreign minister. Involved in XYZ Affair and Convention of 1800.
Essay Question: “What were the differences between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans? Who were the most famous people in either party? Outline at least areas that divided them.
Essay Answer: The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans had major differences in their views on government structure. The Federalists favored a strong central government to ensure national stability, economic growth, and unity. They advocated for a loose interpretation of the Constitution to expand federal powers. In contrast, the Democratic-Republicans prioritized states’ rights, believing a limited central government would protect against potential tyranny. They also adhered to a strict interpretation of the Constitution, which restricted federal authority to only the powers specifically stated. The contrasting beliefs formed the foundation of the ideological divide.