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12. Identify where protein breakdown begins in the human body.

• Answer: B. Stomach.

13. Determine the type of cell responsible for producing soluble antibodies.

• Answer: D. B cell.

14. Identify the organ system responsible for transporting nutrients, wastes, and other substances.

• Answer: D. Circulatory.

15. Select the characteristic of human organisms.

• Answer: B. Heterotrophic with a genome stored in DNA.

16. Identify the function of lymph nodes in mammals.

• Answer: D. Filter debris from intracellular spaces.

17. Determine the bands in muscle sarcomeres formed by actin and another protein.

• Answer: A. Myosin.

18. Identify the cell structure responsible for recycling materials no longer needed.

• Answer: B. Lysosome.

19. Select the correct function of the cell membrane.

• Answer: B. A double layer of phosphate proteins with lipid channels.

20. Identify the chemical compound that prevents lung collapse.

• Answer: B. Surfactant.

21. Determine the structure that diverts food from entering the lungs.

• Answer: D. Epiglottis.

22. Identify the respiratory term referring to the “voice box.”

• Answer: C. Larynx.

23. Complete the sentence: Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is highly resistant to lactate-mediated fatigue because it…

• Answer: A. Uses aerobic respiration in mitochondria for energy.

24. Identify the artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the reproductive system.

• Answer: B. Gonadal artery.

25. Determine the normal chromosomal composition of a human zygote.

• Answer: B. 46 chromosomes.

26. Identify the structure that produces progesterone for pregnancy.

• Answer: C. Corpus luteum.

27. Determine the cell type that provides waterproofing for the skin.

• Answer: B. Keratinocytes.

28. Identify the layer of the skin where subcutaneous fat is found.

• Answer: C. Hypodermis.

29. Determine which gland supplies oil to hair and skin.

• Answer: C. Sebaceous gland.

30. Identify the primary gland that produces insulin.

• Answer: D. Pancreas.

31. Select the structure that connects the kidneys to the bladder.

• Answer: B. Ureters.

32. Identify the organ responsible for blood filtration.

• Answer: A. Kidneys.

33. Identify what the kidneys remove from the blood.

• Answer: B. Salts.

34. Determine where T cells mature.

• Answer: B. Thymus.

35. Select the classification of a flat bone.

• Answer: C. Rib.

36. Identify what connects two bones together.

• Answer: A. Ligament.

37. Determine the classification of a sesamoid bone.

• Answer: B. Patella.

38. Identify the function of villi and microvilli in digestion.

• Answer: D. Increasing surface area for absorption.

39. Select the next physiological reaction after a person is frightened.

• Answer: D. Liver cells release glucose into the bloodstream.

40. Identify an example of positive feedback.

• Answer: A. Oxytocin causes an increase in uterine contractions.

41. Determine the effect of demyelination on nerve cells.

• Answer: B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential.

42. Identify which worm organ functions like the human kidney.

• Answer: D. Kidney.

43. Identify the product of the reaction: Ca + H₂SO₄.

• Answer: A. Calcium sulfate.

44. Determine which biomolecule class influences reaction rates in cells.

• Answer: B. Proteins.

45. Identify the type of matter with vibrational but no translational motion.

• Answer: A. Solid.

46. Determine the mass number of an atom with 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons.

• Answer: C. 7.

47. Identify the substance that will dissolve in water.

• Answer: C. CH₃OH.

48. Determine which combination results in only pink-eyed offspring.

• Answer: D. ff × ff.

49. Select the correct statement about a pregnant chain smoker with lung cancer.

• Answer: D. The cancer will not be transmitted to the child.

50. Identify the correct Mendelian inheritance statement for tall plants.

• Answer: D. TT and Tt are both genotypes for the tall plant phenotype.

51. Identify the level of the biomass pyramid with the greatest mass.

• Answer: C. Seeds, berries, and grasses than insects.

52. Determine the hypothesis being tested with activated charcoal and root growth.

• Answer: D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.

53. Identify the inference about an antibiotic limiting a fungal disease.

• Answer: C. The antibiotic kills a bacterial partner essential to fungal infection.

54. Select a defining characteristic of a scientific hypothesis.

• Answer: A. Testable.

55. Identify what an electron microscope best studies.

• Answer: B. The structure of cellular organelles.

56. Determine which observation refutes the hypothesis of acquired characteristics.

• Answer: B. Finches that live on different sources of food become unable to mate over many generations.

57. Identify the correct equation for a growing population.

• Answer: C. Immigrants + Births > Emigrants + Deaths.