Module 2 pedia sample quiz

Multiple Choice Quiz:

1. A mother brings her infant to the ER. The infant was found face down in the crib, unresponsive. The mother mentions she found the infant between 10 PM and 10 AM. What is the most likely cause?
a) Asthma
b) Pneumonia
c) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
d) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

2. What is a significant risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
a) Female gender
b) Sleeping in a cool room
c) Placing the baby to sleep on their back
d) Maternal smoking during pregnancy

3. A 6-month-old child with a chronic cough, nasal flaring, and audible wheezing is brought in. Which diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
a) Pneumonia
b) Asthma
c) PDA
d) SIDS

4. Which of the following statements about asthma is true?
a) It affects more females than males during childhood.
b) Environmental factors, such as allergens, can trigger an attack.
c) The main treatment for asthma is surgery.
d) Asthma is caused by a bacterial infection.

5. A mother is concerned about her newborn's risk for SIDS. Which piece of advice should the nurse give to reduce the risk?
a) Have the infant sleep on their stomach.
b) Use multiple blankets and stuffed toys in the crib.
c) Use a pacifier during naps and nighttime.
d) Co-sleep with the infant.

6. What is the most common type of pneumonia in children under 5 years old?
a) Viral pneumonia
b) Mycoplasma pneumonia
c) Bacterial pneumonia
d) Pneumocystis pneumonia

7. What is a classic sign of severe asthma exacerbation in a child?
a) Productive cough with green sputum
b) Wheezing that progresses to absent breath sounds
c) Fever and cyanosis
d) High fever and chills

8. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for assessing oxygenation in a child with asthma?
a) ECG
b) Chest X-ray
c) Arterial blood gas (ABG)
d) Sputum culture

9. A 4-year-old with asthma is prescribed a bronchodilator. What is the expected outcome of this medication?
a) Decreased mucus production
b) Reduced inflammation of the lungs
c) Dilation of the bronchial muscles
d) Increased immune response

10. Which type of pneumonia is most likely if the child has a sudden onset of symptoms including fever, chills, and a productive cough with blood-streaked sputum?
a) Viral pneumonia
b) Mycoplasma pneumonia
c) Bacterial pneumonia
d) Bronchopneumonia

11. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for SIDS?
a) African American ethnicity
b) Premature birth
c) Smoking during pregnancy
d) Male gender

12. In a child with suspected PDA, which of the following treatments is most likely to be initiated?
a) Salbutamol inhalation
b) Indomethacin or Ibuprofen
c) Humidified oxygen therapy
d) Beta-agonist therapy

13. Which of the following findings is characteristic of bacterial pneumonia in children?
a) Non-productive cough
b) Crackles and rhonchi
c) Mild fever and malaise
d) White sputum production

14. Which factor increases the risk of asthma exacerbations in children?
a) Prenatal exposure to antibiotics
b) Use of bronchodilators
c) Living in a dry, cold climate
d) Exposure to secondhand smoke

15. A 6-month-old baby is diagnosed with pneumonia. Which of the following is the most common organism responsible for pneumonia in infants?
a) Mycoplasma pneumonia
b) Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
d) Klebsiella pneumoniae

16. Which of the following is a key symptom of a severe asthma attack?
a) Quiet chest with no wheezing
b) Increased appetite
c) Normal breathing pattern
d) Increased urine output

17. When caring for a child with persistent asthma, the goal of treatment is:
a) To completely cure the child
b) To reverse the airway obstruction and prevent exacerbations
c) To identify the allergen causing asthma
d) To perform surgical removal of inflamed tissue

18. Which test result would support the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia in a child?
a) Arterial blood gas with hypercapnia
b) Positive sputum culture for bacteria
c) ASO titer
d) Negative blood culture

19. What would be the most appropriate action for a nurse to take for an infant with suspected SIDS?
a) Perform immediate resuscitation
b) Allow parents to say goodbye and encourage them to express their emotions
c) Prescribe bronchodilators
d) Provide high-flow oxygen therapy

20. What is the primary cause of sudden infant death syndrome?
a) Congenital heart defect
b) Exposure to allergens
c) A problem in the arcuate nucleus of the brain
d) Underdeveloped lungs

Situational Identification Quiz:

1. This infant was found unresponsive in bed between 10 PM and 10 AM and was known to have slept on their stomach. What condition might have caused the sudden death?

2. A 5-year-old child presents with expiratory wheezes, chest tightness, and a history of recurrent attacks after exposure to dust and pet dander. What is the most likely diagnosis?

3. A baby born prematurely has a continuous murmur and bounding pulses. What congenital condition might this indicate?

4. A 3-year-old child presents with a runny nose, cough, and a low-grade fever. Upon examination, crackles are heard in the lungs. What is the most likely diagnosis?

5. A nurse observes that a child with asthma is not responding to treatment and the wheezing has stopped. What does this indicate?

6. A 2-month-old infant presents with a low-grade fever, apnea, and poor feeding. This infant has a known sibling who passed away from a similar incident. What is the likely diagnosis?

7. A child with asthma has been prescribed bronchodilators and corticosteroids. After an asthma attack, the child develops severe anxiety and cyanosis. What complication might the nurse suspect?

8. A newborn baby is born with difficulty breathing and bluish skin. It is discovered that there is a failure of a fetal blood vessel to close after birth. What is this condition?

9. A teenager complains of fever, malaise, headache, and a hacking cough. Sputum is blood-streaked, and the teen has lost weight. What type of pneumonia might this be?

10. A child has a history of asthma exacerbations after participating in sports, especially in cold weather. What should the nurse recommend before exercise?

Answer Key:

Multiple Choice:

  1. c

  2. d

  3. b

  4. b

  5. c

  6. a

  7. b

  8. c

  9. c

  10. c

  11. c

  12. b

  13. b

  14. d

  15. b

  16. a

  17. b

  18. c

  19. b

  20. c

Situational Identification:

  1. SIDS

  2. Asthma

  3. PDA

  4. Pneumonia

  5. Severe asthma exacerbation (respiratory failure)

  6. SIDS

  7. Respiratory failure

  8. PDA

  9. Mycoplasma pneumonia

  10. Use of a bronchodilator or warm-up