Light Dependent reactions Q/A

light dependent reactions are located where?

  • along thylakoid membrane in chloroplast

water breaks down at ——- which releases oxygen and releases what

  • photosystems II , oxygen and hydrogen ions

Oxygen you see here is a what

  • byproduct of the photosynthetic process, as it is released into the atmosphere during the light-dependent reactions.

  • byproduct of what you breath in

water will also do what in Photosystems II

  • donate electrons ✨✨🔥

pigments within photosystmes II will do what?

  • absorb light and transfer that energy to electrons

The high energy electrons will then what?

  • move through the electron transport chain

Electron Transport Chain(ETC)

  • are membrane protein that use the energy in the electron to push hydrogen ions from the stroma into the lumen

At Photosystems I the electrons are

re-energized by light absorption and subsequently used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, which will be utilized in the Calvin cycle. Additionally, the electrons that continue through the ETC help to generate ATP through photophosphorylation, providing the necessary energy for the synthesis of glucose in the Calvin cycle.

  • reenergized by more light

These high energy electrons will reduce NADP why?

  • to form NADPH, (which is essential for the subsequent light-independent reactions. )

NADPH is also

  • our first product

The formation of NADPH also creates what?

a low concentration in the stroma and a high concentration in the lumen of the thylakoid membranes, which contributes to the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis.

The hydrogen ions will move with the concentration granate going from high concentration in lumen to low concentration in stroma through what ?

  • chemiosmosis, a process that utilizes the energy stored in this gradient to synthesize ATP via ATP synthase.

How will ATP Synthase produce ATP

  • by bonding

  • by bonding a phosphate group to ADP, (utilizing the energy generated from the flow of hydrogen ions. )

This process where the flow of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase drives the conversion of ADP into ATP. is known as what?

chemiosmosis

what is the second product

  • ATP