World History Chapter 4- Rome

  • League of Seven Hills- Beginning city of Rome, 7 Latin villages formed a league somewhere during the 8th century BC

  • Romulus- According to Roman tradition and legend, was one of the founding brothers of Rome. He killed his brother and named Rome after him. 

  • Remus- According to Roman tradition and legend, was one of the founding brothers of Rome. He was killed by his brother so that his brother could name Rome after him. 

  • Patricians- the aristocrats class in ancient Rome made up of wealthy landowners and noble families 

  • Plebeians- the “common” class in ancient Rome made up of farmers, traders, and craftsmen

  • Republic- form of government in which voting citizens exercise power through elected officials under law

  • Senate- the most important and most powerful body of the Roman Republic

  • Assembly of Centuries- the chief assembly of the early Roman Republic

  • Tribune- ten men, elected by the Council of Plebeians in Rome, who protected the rights and interests of the common people

  • Roman Forum- the section of ancient Rome that was the center of government

  • Law of Twelve Tables- foundation of Roman civil law

  • Tribal Assembly- another name for the Plebeian assembly in Rome 

  • Punic Wars- three wars between Carthage and Rome 

  • Hannibal- Young carthaginian Commander who reminded historians a lot about Alexander the Great 

  • Scipio- Roman Commander who defeated the carthaginian forces in Spain and crossed over to North Africa to prepare for an attack against Carthage 

  • Julius Caesar- The first Roman emperor that built a well disciplined loya, Army 

  • 31 BC- Octavian's Army wanted decisive victory over Antony at the Battle of actium 

  • Princeps- “first citizen”; a title taken by Octavian

  • Imperator- an ancient title given to the commander of a victorious army; head of the Roman Empire 

  • Augustus- I title of divinity, expressing honor and Majesty usually associated only with the Roman gods 

  • Pax Romana- “Roman Peace”; 31 BC to AD 180

  • Jesus of Nazareth- Was born in Judea during the reign of emperor Caesar Augustus. The events of his Earthly life and Ministry are recorded in the four gospels. At the age of 30 Jesus began his public ministry - preaching, teaching, and working miracles - demonstrating to All by word and deed that he was the promised Messiah, the son of God.

  • Pontius Pilate- Roman governor who found no fault in Jesus but still had him crucified 

  • Tiberius- Roman Emperor who people thought Jesus was opposing 

  • Gospel- the teaching that Jesus Christ died in the place of sinful humans so that they might be forgiven of their sins and be able to claim as their own the righteousness of Jesus Christ 

  • Paul- A persecutor of the church that eventually became a zealous Christian who had one of the biggest impacts with his work for Christ 

  • Nero- Roman Emperor who began the first official Roman persecution of Christianity 

  • Diocletian- The leader of the last and most widespread persecution of Christians, Roman Emperor 

  • Edict of Milan- edict of Constantine in 313 that made Christianity legal

  • Constantine- Roman emperor that made Christianity legal, ending almost three centuries of Roman persecution of Christians 

  • Arius- Challenge the deity of Christ which led to Constantine calling the Council of nicaea 

  • Council Nicea- church council in 325 that affirmed the doctrines of Christs’s deity and the Trinity 

  • Patriarchs- bishop of one of the most important cities of the empire; appointed in Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople

  • Huns- nomadic tribe led by Attila whose advance forced Germanic tribes to seek refuge in Roman territory 

  • Visigoths- a Germanic tribe that settled in the Eastern Roman Empire; defeated Rome at the battle of Adrianople and later plundered Rome

  • Attila- The leader of the Huns in that invaded Roman territory and was called the scourge of God because he was considered to be the instrument of God's Wrath on a sinful people 

  • Vandals- a Germanic tribe that established a kingdom in North Africa; plundered Rome after the Visigoths 

  • Cicero- A leading Political figure, author, lawyer, and statesman, he won a claim as the greatest order of his day, and he influenced later Roman writers and students of Latin literature 

  • Livy- A Roman historian who wrote a link Theory History of Rome and provided an interesting Narrative of the men and events of Roman history from the founding of the city through the end of the Republic 

  • Tacitus- Historian that favored the Old Republic over life under the self-controlled emperors. His work is a valuable but pessimistic History of Rome from the death of Augustus to the reign of Emperor Nero 

  • Ptolemy- Promoted the theory that the Earth was the center of the universe 

  • Geocentric theory- earth centered theory of the universe 

  • Aqueducts- designed to supply water to cities

  • Epicurean- Belief system that's stated the way to attain good was to avoid fear and pain 

  • Seneca- The tutor of Emperor Nero and an outstanding writer and thinker. saw stoicism as the solution to Rome's moral decline 

  • Stoicism- philosophy that taught that the highest good is the pursuit of courage, dignity, duty, simplicity of life and service to fellow man