11 – Archaeological map 4

Introduction to Archeological Survey

  • Importance of Archeological Surveys for creating accurate maps.

  • Focus on gathering data from the soil, walking through different terrains.

  • Aim to localize and document evidence in topographic maps.

Techniques in Archeological Mapping

Various Methodologies

  • Extensive Survey Method: Used when the survey involves large areas without precise boundaries.

  • Grid Method: Soil is divided into square sections (labeled G8, G6, H1, H2, etc.).

    • Data is collected based on these sections to ensure systematic documentation of findings.

  • Benefits of using the grid method for filtering and tracking material obtained from specific areas.

Data Collection and Analysis

  • Divide findings into sectors corresponding to grid squares.

    • Helps determine material dispersion and avoids confusion with modern agricultural practices.

  • Importance of using modern and ancient distinguishing lines in data separation.

Historical Context of Archeological Mapping in Italy

  • Development began post-Italian unification in the late 19th century.

  • Surveys need to be thorough and systematic across territories for effective mapping.

  • Mapping focuses on evidences gathered, clarifying that findings are only recorded where surveys are done.

Designing the Archeological Map

Cataloging and Symbolization

  • Use of points and lines for evidence on maps: differentiating sporadic finds, villages, necropolises, etc.

  • Symbols should reflect true dimensions based on evidence to maintain accuracy on maps.

  • Color-coded points indicate different chronologies of findings.

Application of GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

  • Importance of precise geographic coordinates for localization of findings.

  • Utilization of manual measurement and triangulation for accurate mapping in areas without GPS.

  • GPS technology has improved locating sites, though accuracy can vary.

Visibility and Accessibility in Mapping

Visibility Mapping Importance

  • Noting areas with high versus low visibility based on vegetation and property restrictions.

  • High vegetation limits survey opportunities, marking these areas on the map to avoid misinterpretation.

  • Ensuring all data reflects true visibility conditions during the survey.

Effects of Soil Use on Visibility

  • Different agricultural practices (like plowing) can obscure archaeological finds.

  • Urban construction impacts visibility and conservation of historical sites.

Structuring the Archeological Catalog

Three-Part Catalog Structure

  1. Geographic Context: Specific detailing of land use and visibility conditions.

  2. Evidence Description: Detailed text on findings, including location and dimensions.

  3. Interpretation of Evidence: Theoretical analysis of findings, connecting artifacts to historical contexts (e.g., necropolis linked to villas).

Conclusion

  • Importance of maintaining accuracy and visibility considerations in archeological mapping practices.

  • Final notes on the three-part interpretation of findings to improve understanding of historical contexts in Italy.