Spanish 1B Recap

 What is a “SUBJECT” of a sentence?

The subject of a sentence is the person (or persons) that are performing an action in a sentence. Think of the “subject” as the actor(s) or the main character(s) of a sentence. 

• I read the book. 

• Pedro and I eat in the cafeteria. 

• You run in the park. 

• Sandra and Roberto watch TV.

We use subject pronouns to talk about ourselves and other people. We often use subject pronouns to replace a subject in later statements. 

• Luisa goes to the supermarket. 

Then she prepares dinner. 

• David and Carlos do the homework. 

Then they study for the test.

• Elena and I bake the cake. 

Then we go to the birthday party. 

I = yo

You (informal) = Tú

He/She/You (formal) = él/ella/usted

We = nosotros/nosotras

Y’all (españa) = vosotros/vosotras

They/You All= Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

SER = TO BE 

We use the verb SER to talk about: 

• Descriptions or characteristics (He is tall and smart)

• Origin / Where you are from (I am from Maumee) 

• Possession (That is my book)

• Relationships (They are my sisters)

• Jobs, occupations or professions (He is a doctor) 

I am = Yo soy

You (informal) Are = tú eres

He is/She is/You (formal) are = él es/ella es/usted es

We are = Nosotros Somos/nosotras somos

Y’all are (españa): Vosotros sois/vosotras sois

They are/you all are: ellos son/ellas son/ustedes son

De = From/Of

¿De dónde es (nombre)? = Where is (name) from? 

(Nombre) es de … = (Name) is from…

Talking about Origin

Using the verb SER with the word “DE” helps us to talk about where someone or something is FROM. For example:

• Señorita Knapp es de Toledo. 

• Justin Bieber es de Canadá. 

• Frida Kahlo es de México

• Shakira y Sofía Vergara son de Colombia. 

• (Tú) eres de Maumee. 

• (Yo) soy de Ohio.

¿De dónde es él/ella? = Where is HE/SHE from?

Él/Ella es de México. = He/She is from Mexico.

¿De dónde eres? = Where are YOU from?

Soy de Estados Unidos. = I’m from the USA.

Adjectives

Athletic = Atlético/a

Artistic = Artístico/a

Active = Activo/a

Relaxed = Relajado/a

Competitive = Competitivo/a

Creative = Creativo/a

Tall = Alto/a

Short = Bajo/a

Brilliant = Brilliante

Curious = Curioso/a

Blonde = Rubio/a

Redhead = Pelirrojo/a

Brunette/Dark-complected = Moreno/a

Bald = Calvo/a

Intelligent = Inteligente

Silly/Dumb = Tonto/a

Optimistic = Optimista

Pessimistic = Pesimista

Extroverted = Extrovertido/a

Introverted = Introvertido/a

Ambiverted = Ambivertido/a

Hard-working = Trabajador(a)

Lazy = Flojo/a

Patient = Paciente

Impatient = Impaciente

Good-looking = Guapo/a

Ugly = Feo/a

Serious = Serio/a

Funny/silly = Cómico/a

Honest = Honesto/a

Dishonest = Deshonesto/a

Organized = Organizado/a

Disorganized = Desorganizado/a

Fat = Gorso/a

Skinny = Delgado/a

Adjective Agreement

In Spanish adjectives MUST agree in NUMBER and GENDER! 

• Sandra es baja y cómica, pero David es alto y serio.

• Los estudiantes son honestos y organizados.

• Alejandra y Daniela son atléticas.

*OPTIMISTA and PESIMISTA always end with “A” even when used with males. They still need an “S” on the end to apply to everyone being described. 

• Héctor es optimista, pero Pablo y Fiona son pesimistas. 

Adjectives that end in “E” are gender-neutral, so it can apply to both masculine and feminine people. HOWEVER, we still must add an “S” to describe 2+ people.

• Rodrigo es inteligente .

• Selena es  inteligente también.

• Rodrigo y Selena son inteligentes

Finally, “trabajador” will add an “A” on the end for ladies. HOWEVER, we still must add an “ES” o “AS” to describe 2+ people.

• Javier es trabajador.

• Elena es trabajadora.

• Pablo y Carlos son trabajadores.

• Luisa y Carmen son trabajadoras.

¿Cómo es ____?  = What is ____ like?

¿Cómo eres?  = What are YOU like?

Soy … = I am…

Family

Padres/papás = parents

Dad = Padre/papá

Stepdad = Padrastro

Brother = Hermano

Stepbrother = Hermanastro

Uncle = tío

Nephew = sobrino

Cousin (m) = primo

Grandpa = Abuelo

Mom = Madre/mamá

Stepmom = Madrastra

Sister = Hermana

Stepsister = Hermanastra

Aunt = Tía

Niece = Sobrina

Cousin (f) = prima

Grandma = Abuela

Gemelos/las = Twins

Mi hermano/a medio/a = My half brother/sister

Nieto/a = Grandson/daughter

Gato/a = cat

Perro/a = Dog

Eres ___? = Are you ___?

Si, soy ___ = Yes, I am ___

No, no soy ___ = No, I am not ___

Expressing LIKES and DISLIKES

In Spanish, we use the verb “GUSTAR” to express what we like and do not like. It literally means that something is “pleasing” to us. Because of this, it is a bit irregular.

I like = Me gusta

You (informal) like = te gusta

He/She/You (formal) like = le gusta

We like = nos gusta

Y’all like = Os gusta (españa)

They like/You all like = les gusta

Si, me gusta = Yes, I like

No, no me gusta = No, I don’t like

Bailar = to dance

Cantar = to sing

Comer = to eat

Correr = to run

Dibujar = to draw

Dormir = to sleep

Escuchar Música = To listen to music

Escribir = To write

Hablar con Amigos = To talk/speak with friends

Hablar por teléfono = To talk/speak on the phone

Hacer ejercicios = To do exercise

Hacer Tiktoks = To make tiktoks

Jugar = To play (a game/sport)

Jugar al fútbol = To play soccer

• Al fútbol americano = American football

• Al Béisbol = Baseball

• Al básquetbol = Basketball

• Al voleibol = Volleyball

• Al Hockey = hockey

• Al tenis = tennis

• Al softball = softball

Jugar Videojuegos = To play video games

Leer libros = To read books

Montar en bicicleta = To ride a bike

Navegar por internet = To browse (navigate) the internet

Nadar = To swim

Practicar Deportes = To practice sports

Pintar = To paint

Sacar fotos = To take pictures

Tocar un instrumento = To play an instrument

Tocar la guitarra = To play guitar

Tocar el piano = To play piano

Trabajar = To work

Usar la computadora = To use the computer

Ver netflix/hulu = To watch netflix/hulu

Hacer yoga = To do yoga

La familia = The family

Grande = large/big

mediana = Medium

Pequeña = small/little

¿Tienes ___? = Do you have ___?

Tengo ___ = I have ___

Mayor (que) = Older (than)

Menor (que) = Younger (than)

mi/mis = my

tu/tus = your

su/sus = his/her/their

Nuestro/nuestros/a/as = our

SER (To be - is, are, am)

Yo soy = i am

Tú eres = You (informal) are

él es/Ella es = He is/She is

Usted Es = You (formal) are

Nosotros/as somos = We are

Vosotros/as sois (españa) = Y’all are

Ellos/Ellas son = They are

Ustedes son = You all are

Amable = friendly/nice

Simpatico/a = friendly/nice

Antipático/a = Unfriendly/mean

Atrevido/a = daring

Callado/a = Quiet

Cariñoso/a = Caring

Divertido/a = Fun

Estricto/a = Strict

Hablador(a) = Talkative

Molesto/a = Annoying/Irritating

Sensible = Sensitive

Torpe = Clumsy

Travieso/a = Mischievous/a troublemaker

Valiente = brave

Tener (have/has)

Tengo = I have

Tienes = You (informal) have

él/Ella Tiene = He/She has

Usted Tiene = You (formal) have

Nosotros/as Tenemos = We have

Vosotros/as Tenéis (España) = Y’all have

Ellos/as Tienen = They have

Ustedes Tienen = You all have

Los ojos = Eyes

Ojos azules = Blue eyes

Ojos verdes = Green eyes

Ojos avellanos = Hazel eyes

Ojos cafés/marrones = Brown eyes

Ojos negros = Black (dark) eyes

Tengo ojos ___ = I have ___ eyes

El pelo = Hair

Pelo negro = Black hair

Pelo castaño = Brown hair

Castaño = Chestnut

Pelo pelirrojo = Red hair

Pelo rubio = Blonde hair

Pelo largo = Long hair

Pelo mediano = Medium-length hair

Pelo corto = I have short hair

Pelo rizado = Curly hair

Pelo ondulado = Wavy hair

Pelo liso = Straight hair

Tengo pelo ___ = I have ___ hair

We do not need to worry about changing the adjectives (largo, azules, etc.) for masculine or feminine because we are describing the HAIR / EYES, NOT THE PERSON! 

Barba = A beard

Bigote = A mustache

Lentes = Glasses

We use SER to describe people’s personalities and some of their physical characteristics (short, thin, lazy, etc.)

Just as in English, we can use the verb TENER to say what color eyes and hair someone has. We can also use “TENER” to talk about hair length and type. 

Los Útiles Esoclares = School Supplies

La mochila = The backpack

El Estuche = The pencil pouch

El lápiz = The pencil

Los lápices de colores = Colored pencils

El borrador = The eraser

El bolígrafo o La pluma = The pen

El marcador = The marker

El marcador florescente o el subrayador = The highlighter

Las tijeras = The scissors

El pegamento = The glue

La computadora = The computer

La tableta = The tablet

El cargador = The charger

La calculadora = The calculator

El papel = The paper

El libro = The book

El diccionario = The dictionary

La carpeta = The folder

La carpeta de argollas = The binder (“The folder with rings”)

El cuaderno = The notebook

Los apuntes = The notes

La agenda escolar = The agenda book/school planner

El mapa = The map

En el salón de clase = In the classroom

La puerta = The door

La silla = The chair/seat

El escritorio = The desk

La mesa = The table

La ventana = The window

El reloj = The clock

El cartel = The poster

El pizzarón = The whiteboard

La escuela/El colegio = The school

Rojo/a = Red

Anaranjado/a = Orange

Amarillo/a = Yellow

Verde = Green

Azul = Blue

Morado/a = Purple

Blanco/a = White

Negro/a = Black

Gris = Grey

Rosado/a = Pink

Café/Marrón = Brown

Mi color favorito es ___ = My favorite color is ___

We can also use TENER to talk about the THINGS we have / own.

Preguntas Importantes = Important questions

¿Hay ___? = Is there/Are there ___?

¿Tienes ___? = Do you have ___?

¿Cuántos/as ___ tienes? = How many ___ do you have?

¿Cuántos/as ___ hay? = How many ___ are there?

¿Dónde está la/el ___? = Where is the ___?

Tener is also used for…

Tengo Frío = I am cold

Tengo calor = I am hot

Tengo habre = I am hungry

Tengo sed = I am thirsty

Tengo ___ años = I am ___ years old

In spanish, we say “I have cold” instead of “I am cold,” and “I have hungry” instead of “I am hungry”

Definite and indefinite articles

Singular:

• Masculine

  • El (the)

  • Un (a, an)

• Feminine

  • La (the)

  • Una (a, an)

Plural

• Masculine

  • Los (the)

  • Unos (some)

• Feminine

  • La (the)

  • Unas (some)

Verbos importantes = Important verbs

Hay = There is/are

Yo necesito = I need

Tú necesitas = You need

Yo tengo = I have

Tú tienes = You have

Yo uso = I use

Tú usas = You use

PRACTICA - PLURALIZING NOUNS IN SPANISH: 

If a noun ends in a VOWEL (A, E, I, O, U) simply add an “S” to make it plural. 

Mochila → mochilas 

If a noun ends in a CONSANANT add “ES” to make it plural.

Marcador → Marcadores

‘-ER’ Verbs & Verb Phrases

‘- IR’ Verbs & Verb Phrases

Personas en la Escuela

El director/La directora = The principal

El secretario/La secretaria = The secretary

El maestro/La maestra = The teacher

La maestra/La profesora = The professor

El enfermero/La enfermera = The nurse

El consejero/La consejera = The counselor

El estudiante = The student

Lugares en la escuela

La escuela/El colegio = The School

El salón de clase o el aula = The Classroom

El gimnasio = The Gymnasium

El auditorio = The auditorium

El baño = The bathroom

El pasillo = The hallway

El laboratorio = The laboratory

La cancha de futbol = The soccer field

El campo de futbol americano = The football field

La cafetería = The cafeteria

La oficina = The office

La oficina del director = The principal’s office

La enfermera = The infirmary

La biblioteca = The library

Las Asignaturas = School Subjects

El Almuerzo = Lunch

La clase de ___ = ___ Class

• Arte = Art

  • Pintar

  • Dibujar

• Ciencia(s) = Science(s)

  • Ciencias físicas

  • Fisicia

  • Química

  • Biología

  • Anatomía

• Inglés = English

  • Leer libros

  • Escribir cuentos

  • Escribir poemas

• Español = Spanish

• Alemán = German

• Francés = French

• Estudios Sociales = Social Studies

• Historia = History

• Geografía = Geography

• Gobierno = Government

• Matemáticas = Mathematics

  • álgebra

  • Geometría

  • Trigonometría

  • Cálculo

• Informática = Computer science/Computing

  • Usar la computadora

  • Navagar por internet

• Educación Física = Physical Education

• Música = Music

  • Coro

  • Banda

  • Orquesta

• Salud = Health

Adjetivos

IR = TO GO 

We use the verb ‘IR’ to talk about: 

A) WHERE we are going. 

• I am going to the gym.

• He is going to math class. 

• We are going to the cafeteria.  

B) WHAT we are GOING TO DO in the future. 

• We are going to play soccer on Friday.

• You are going to take the exam. 

• They are going to study.

  yo voy	I go / am going	nosotr@s vamos	we go / are going
  tú vas	you go / are going	vosotr@s vais	Y’all go / are going (Spain)
  él va	he goes / is going	ellos van	they go / are going
  ella va	she goes / is going	ellas van	they (all girls) go / are going
  usted va	You (formal) go / are going	ustedes van	You all (2+ people) go / are going

Para mî la clase de ___ es ___. = To me the class of ___ is ___.

Al/A la = “To the”

(Masculine) Voy al ___ = I’m going to the ___

(Feminine) Voy a la ___ = I’m going to the ___