body system

Digestive System

- T: Digestive System

- D: Breaks down food to extract nutrients and energy for survival.

- T: Main Organs of Digestion

- D: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas.

- T: Stomach

- D: Uses gastric acids to break down food.

- T: Small Intestine

- D: Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

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### 🚽 The Excretory System

- T: Excretory System

- D: Removes waste and maintains water and electrolyte balance.

- T: Kidneys

- D: Filter blood and produce urine.

- T: Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

- D: Transport and store urine before excretion.

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### 🌬 The Respiratory System

- T: Respiratory System

- D: Enables gas exchange, supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

- T: Main Structures

- D: Lungs, trachea, diaphragm.

- T: Alveoli

- D: Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

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### The Circulatory System

- T: Circulatory System

- D: Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.

- T: Heart

- D: Muscular organ that pumps blood through the body.

- T: Blood Vessels

- D: Include arteries (carry oxygenated blood), veins (carry deoxygenated blood), and capillaries (site of gas exchange).

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### 🫀 Heart Anatomy

- T: Right Atrium

- D: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

- T: Right Ventricle

- D: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

- T: Left Atrium

- D: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

- T: Left Ventricle

- D: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.

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### 🩸 Gas Exchange in the Circulatory System

- T: Capillaries

- D: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.

- T: Pulmonary Capillaries

- D: Oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide is expelled.

- T: Systemic Capillaries

- D: Oxygen is delivered to tissues, and carbon dioxide is collected for removal.

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### 🧠 The Nervous System

- T: Nervous System

- D: Controls body functions and responses to stimuli.

- T: Central Nervous System (CNS)

- D: Includes the brain and spinal cord; processes information.

- T: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

- D: Transmits signals between CNS and the body.

- T: Neurons

- D: Nerve cells that send electrical signals.

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### Nervous Responses

- T: Normal Nervous Response

- D: Involves brain processing; slower but coordinated.

- T: Reflex Response

- D: Automatic and rapid; processed by the spinal cord, not the brain.

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### 🩺 The Endocrine System

- T: Endocrine System

- D: Regulates body functions through hormones.

- T: Hormones

- D: Chemical messengers traveling through the bloodstream.

- T: Hypothalamus

- D: Links the nervous system to the endocrine system.

- T: Pituitary Gland

- D: "Master gland" that regulates other glands.

- T: Thyroid Gland

- D: Controls metabolism and energy levels.

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### 🛡 The Lymphatic System and Immunity

- T: Lymphatic System

- D: Helps with immunity and fluid balance.

- T: Lymph

- D: Fluid containing white blood cells and waste products.

- T: Lymph Nodes

- D: Filter lymph and trap harmful substances.

- T: Spleen

- D: Removes old blood cells and supports immune function.

- T: Immune Surveillance

- D: Identifies and fights infections.

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