C01 CRAM TEST

The earth composes of main 4 components

  • Land, water, air, LIFE. These together control the climate and sustainability of life. It distributes natural resources and susceptibility of natural hazards

THE UNIVERSE

  • has countless stars, galaxies, remnants of exploded stars, and many other subjects.

  • Astronomers use telescopes to study it

THE GALAXIES

  • Its a system containing stars, large clouds of gas, space dust

  • Maybe disk like, irregularly shaped, or a swirl spiral

STARS

  • Generating light and energy inside via a nuclear process

  • Can be white, blue, yellow, red

  • Can be smaller or larger than our sun

  • Can change during their lifetime (color, size, idk)

  • Have planets orbiting them

NEBULA

  • contains space dust, gas, other space objects

  • Irregularly shaped

  • Can have rings, ragged spheres, or cones in opposite directions

  • Where stars are born

CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

THE BIG BANG THEORY

  • The beginning of our universe

  • States that every single matter and radiation originates from one big explosion at a finite time in the past.

  • The universe is 13.8 billion years old

  • It was 9 billion years old before our solar system.

  • It was really a big explosion to initiate our entire universe

  • The explosion came from a single point or singularity because of compressed energies and matter.

  • Made by a belgian cosmologist and priest George Lemaitre

  • Based on Edwin Hubble study that the universe is expanding

STEADY STATE THEORY

  • the universe is slowly expanding but maintains its average density

  • Theres now beginning or end in time

  • Made by 3 dudes: Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, sir Fred Hoyle

ORIGIN OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

  • The sun, moon, earth, and meteorites came from a single event. Roughly the same age 4.6 billion years old

  • The solar system originated from a flattened disk containing dust and gas known as the Solar Nebula

PROTO/PLANETESIMALS

  • Everything originated from clumped up dust, gravity drives them together, and differentiation

  • The formation of the moon is the clumping of debris thats pulled by a planet’s gravitational pull

FORMATION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

  • formed by gravitational capture of gases, volcanic eruptions, or commentary impacts

OUTER PLANETS

  • its from solar nebula, rich in hydrogen and helium

SOLAR SYSTEM

SUN

  • 75% hydrogen and 25% helium

PLANETARY ORBIT

  • its counter clock wise viewed from earth. Like its also a disk shape

MERCURY

  • smallest and densest. Almost no atmosphere. Spins slowly


VENUS

  • Hottest planet, thick atmosphere, greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide

EARTH

  • our home, 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen, 70% ocean

MARS

  • 95% Co³ carbon dioxide, once had water flowling

ASTEROIDS

  • Space rock/debris. Fragments left from the formation of the solar system.

METEOROIDS

  • small peices of fragments from asteroids can also come from comets.

METEOR

  • meteorites comes into earth atmosphere

METEORITE

  • it hits the earth

COMETS

  • Icy bodies frozen dust, gas, rock. “Cosmic snowballs”

ASTEROID BELT

  • asteroids in a horde. Maybe a formation of a failed planet or a planet that obliterated a long time ago.

JUPITER

  • largest planet, 63 moons

SATURN

  • 2nd largest, mostly hydrogen n helium. Has many moons as well.

URANUS

  • 84 earth year orbit/ 17 hr rotation/ 98 degree axis

NEPTUNE

  • narrow thin ring system, great dark spot, triton the largest moon.

WHAT MAKES A PLANET A PLANET (IAU)

  • orbits the sun

  • Enough mass to be round

  • It clears the neighborhood

THE EARTHH

EARTH’S SYSTEMS (SPHERES)

  • BHAG, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere

ATMOSPHERE

TROPOSPHERE

  • clouds and weather patterns

STRATOSPHERE

  • airplanes and the ozone layer

MESOSPHERE

  • coldest and wear meteor burns

THERMOSPHERE

  • absorbs solar radiation

  • Aurora burealis

  • Space station stays there

EXOSPHERE

  • outest layer

PACIFIC OCEAN

  • largest and deepest ocean

  • Largest single geographic feature

  • Extends from the artic in the north to the antartic to the south

ATLANTIC OCEAN

  • second largest ocean

  • Seperates europe and america

INDIAN OCEAN

  • third and busiest ocean

  • Warmest ocean

ARTIC OCEAN

  • 7% the size of the pacific ocean

  • Smallest and shallowest

  • Artic and meditterenian

ANTARCTIC / southern ocean

  • Defined by the antartic convergence

  • Meeting currents near antarctica

SUPER OCEAN

  • panthalasa

BIOSPHERE

  • life zone

  • Carbon cycle

  • Ocean life

  • Has a food chain

CARBON CYCLE

  • circulation of carbon through various forms of nature