8.2 - 8.3 Overview

8.2

  1. Where are the cranial vs facial bones located and what are they?

    1. Cranial bones

      1. Form the cranium / skull

      2. Eight bones form a roof and a base

      3. The roof of the cranium is the called the calvaria and is composed of the superior part of the frontal bone, the parietal bones, and a small part of the occipital bone

      4. The base of the cranium is composed of portions of the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, and temporal bones

    2. Facial bones

      1. Form the face

      2. There are 14 facial bones

  1. What are the 4 primary plates of the skull?

    1. Frontal - makes up the front including the forehead

    2. Parietal - top of skull

    3. Temporal - sides of skull

    4. Occipital - back of skull

  2. Cleft lip and palate

    1. Cleft lip - upper jaw components do not fuse as an embryo, causing the top lip to be split up to the nostril

    2. Cleft palate - oral cavity and nasal cavity are not separated properly

  3. What is a fossa

    1. Contoured floor / depression

  4. Where are the three cranial fossae?

    1. The anterior cranial fossa is in the front

    2. The middle cranial fossa is in the middle

    3. The posterior cranial fossa is the furthest back

  5. What is a skull suture?

    1. Immovable fibrous joints that form the boundaries between cranial bones

    2. Made of dense regular connective tissue

  6. Where are the 4 sutures of the skull?

    1. Coronal suture connects frontal and parietal bones

    2. Lambdoid suture connects parietal and occipital bones

    3. Sagittal suture connects right and left parietal bones

    4. Squamous suture connects temporal and parietal bones on either side

8.3

  1. What and where is the hyoid bone?

    1. Supports your tongue and helps you speak and swallow

    2. Below the mandible and doesn’t touch any other bone

    3. If it is broken, it’s probably because someone strangled you

  2. What are 2 interesting facts about the hyoid bone provided in class?

  3. The human skull exhibits sexual dimorphism. Know 6 differences between the male and female skull

    1. chin is more pointed on women and more square on men

    2. mandible is more robust on men

    3. men have larger mastoid process

    4. mandibular angle is more obtuse on women

    5. supraorbital margin is bigger and more blunt

    6. frontal bone is more vertical in women and more sloped in men

  4. What are fontanelles?

    1. spaces that sutures fill

    2. soft spot on baby’s head

    3. allow skull bones to slide across each other during birth

  5. How can the skull identify the age of a skeleton

    1. How many skull sutures are completely closed