scientific revolution
scientific revolution!
basics of the scientific revolution
- before:
- church views
- superstition
- views of the universe was based on the views of aristotle
- science was considered a branch of theology
- part of the political and religious
scientific revolution
- views of universe and self and belief
- challenged concepts and beliefs
- humanist view
- secularism- the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on secular, naturalistic considerations
- later influences
astronomy!
- ptolemy & the geocentric theory
- series of spheres in concentric circles fixed in place
- motionless earth at the center
- objects made of crystalline material or pure light
- people begin to notice problems, such as the numbers not working out, doesn’t account for the changing of stars.
- copernicus:
- mathematician
- put forwards the heliocentric theory
- earth is not the center of the universe
- sun is in the center
- planets would go in a circle around the sun, but also in their own circles?
- if you were tracking the planet, it seemed like that they would go backwards - his reasoning
- tycho brahe
- built an observatory in europe
- tracked lots of data that proves copernicus’ theory
- johannes kepler
- “laws of planetary motion”
- brahe’s assistant, helps prove copernicus’ theory
- what are the planets made of?
- galileo
- observed through a telescope
- determined that universe composed of similar material to earth
- wrote the starry messenger
- planets are not perfect spheres
- isaac newton
- principia mathematica- defined workings of gravity
empiricism
- sir francis bacon
- father of empiricism
- inductive reasoning
- baconian method
- scientific method
rationalism
- uses deductive reasoning
- effect of new concept of universe
- rene descartes
- father of rationalism
- discourse on method
- understanding of own existence
- i think; therefore i am
- cartesian dualism
- absolute dualism between mind and matter
- new european identity
medicine
how do humans fit in the universe? how do we study ourselves?
- medical theories questioned
- galen; four parts of the body
- paracelsus; father of pharmacology
- vesalius; physician, studied anatomy
- harvey; figured how blood was pumped and circulated
universe, really everything is being questioned
challenging the medieval mindset
logic and reason!!!