MED TERM (2)
Flashcard Set 24: Medical Eponyms
(Front) Apgar score
(Back) A numbering system to assess the health of newborn infants. Named after Virginia Apgar.
(Front) Alzheimer's disease
(Back) A progressive degenerative brain disease. Named after Alois Alzheimer.
(Front) Cushing's syndrome
(Back) A complex of symptoms caused by hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex. Named after Harvey Williams Cushing.
(Front) Down syndrome
(Back) A chromosomal disorder, also called trisomy 21. Named after John Haydon Down.
(Front) Gleason grade
(Back) A rating system for prostate cancer. Named after Donald Gleason.
(Front) Hodgkin's disease
(Back) A form of malignant lymphoma. Named after Thomas Hodgkin.
(Front) Homans' sign
(Back) Pain on dorsiflexion of the foot, a sign of deep vein thrombosis. Named after John Homans.
(Front) Ligament of Treitz
(Back) A structure in the intestinal tract. Named after Wenzel Treitz.
(Front) Lyme disease
(Back) A multisystemic disorder transmitted by ticks. Named after Old Lyme, Connecticut.
(Front) Peyronie's disease
(Back) A curvature of the penis caused by fibrous tissue. Named after Francois de la Peyronie.
(Front) Parkinson's disease
(Back) A group of neurological disorders including tremors and muscular rigidity. Named after James Parkinson.
Flashcard Set 25: Homonyms
(Front) What is a homonym?
(Back) Words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings (and often different spellings).
(Front) Example of a homonym in everyday English
(Back) "There" and "their"
(Front) Are there many true homonyms in medical terminology?
(Back) No, there are relatively few.
Flashcard Set 26: Medical Homonyms
(Front) Cholic
(Back) Related to bile (an acid)
(Front) Colic
(Back) Severe abdominal pain
(Front) Humerus
(Back) A long bone in the upper arm
(Front) Humorous
(Back) Funny
(Front) Ileum
(Back) A portion of the colon (in the intestines)
(Front) Ilium
(Back) A part of the pelvic bone
(Front) Jewel
(Back) A precious stone
(Front) Joule
(Back) A unit of energy
(Front) Lice
(Back) A parasite
(Front) Lyse
(Back) To break
(Front) Loop
(Back) An oval or circular ring, by bending
(Front) Loupe
(Back) Magnifying glass or lens
(Front) Mnemonic
(Back) To assist in remembering
(Front) Pneumonic
(Back) Pertaining to the lungs (the "p" is silent)
(Front) Mucus
(Back) Secretion of the mucous membranes
(Front) Mucous
(Back) Adjective form of mucus (resembling mucus)
(Front) Plane
(Back) Anatomic (imaginary) level
(Front) Plain
(Back) Not fancy (plain x-rays)
(Front) Plural
(Back) More than one
(Front) Pleural
(Back) Pertaining to the lung
(Front) Psychosis
(Back) Mental disorder
(Front) Sycosis
(Back) Inflammation of hair follicles
(Front) Radical
(Back) Extreme or drastic
(Front) Radicle
(Back) A vessel's smallest branch
(Front) Venus
(Back) A planet
(Front) Venous
(Back) Pertaining to a vein
Flashcard Set 27: Medical Rules for Forming Plurals (Rule 1)
(Front) Medical Rule 1 for Plurals
(Back) Change the "a" ending to "ae"
(Front) Example of Rule 1
(Back) Vertebra becomes vertebrae
(Front) How does the pronunciation change with Rule 1?
(Back) The "aah" sound at the end becomes "eh"
(Front) Other examples of Rule 1
(Back) Axilla, axillae; Bursa, bursae; Conjunctiva, conjunctivae; Scapula, scapulae; Sclera, sclerae
Alright, let's create some flashcards to help you remember these rules for forming plurals in medical terminology.
Flashcard Set 28: Medical Rules for Forming Plurals (Rules 2 & 3)
(Front) Medical Rule 2 for Plurals
(Back) Change the "um" ending to "a"
(Front) Pronunciation of "a" in Rule 2
(Back) "aah"
(Front) Examples of Rule 2
(Back) Acetabulum, acetabula; Antrum, antra; Atrium, atria; Bacterium, bacteria; Diverticulum, diverticula; Labium, labia; Medium, media
(Front) Medical Rule 3 for Plurals
(Back) Change the "us" ending to "i"
(Front) Pronunciation of "i" in Rule 3
(Back) "eye"
(Front) Examples of Rule 3
(Back) Alveolus, alveoli; Bronchus, bronchi; Coccus, cocci; Embolus, emboli; Fungus, fungi; Glomerulus, glomeruli; Meniscus, menisci; Syllabus, syllabi
(Front) Exceptions to Rule 3
(Back) Corpus, corpora; Meatus, meatus (stays the same); Plexus, plexuses; Viscus, viscera
Flashcard Set 29: Medical Rule for Forming Plurals (Rule 4)
(Front) Medical Rule 4 for Plurals
(Back) Change the "is" ending to "es"
(Front) Pronunciation of "es" in Rule 4
(Back) "eez"
(Front) Examples of Rule 4
(Back) Analysis, analyses; Diagnosis, diagnoses; Exostosis, exostoses; Metastasis, metastases; Prognosis, prognoses; Testis, testes
Let's continue creating flashcards for the remaining rules of pluralization in medical terminology.
Flashcard Set 30: Medical Rules for Forming Plurals (Rules 5, 6 & 7)
(Front) Exceptions to Medical Rule 4 for Plurals
(Back) Epididymis, epididymides; Femur, femora; Iris, irides
(Front) Medical Rule 5 for Plurals
(Back) Change the "ma" or "oma" ending to "mata"
(Front) Examples of Rule 5 (where English plural is also acceptable)
(Back) Carcinoma, carcinomata; Condyloma, condylomata; Fibroma, fibromata; Leiomyoma, leiomyomata
(Front) Medical Rule 6 for Plurals
(Back) When a term ends in "yx", "ax", or "ix", change the "x" to "c" and add "es"
(Front) Examples of Rule 6
(Back) Appendix, appendices; Calyx, calyces; Calix, calices; Thorax, thoraces
(Front) Medical Rule 7 for Plurals
(Back) When a term ends in "nx", change the "x" to "g" and add "es"
(Front) Examples of Rule 7
(Back) Larynx, larynges; Phalanx, phalanges
Flashcard Set 31: Medical Rule for Forming Plurals (Rule 8) and Exceptions
(Front) Medical Rule 8 for Plurals
(Back) For Latin medical terms that consist of a noun and adjective, pluralize both terms
(Front) Examples of Rule 8
(Back) Condyloma acuminatum, condylomata acuminata; Placenta previa, placentae previae; Verruca vulgaris, verrucae vulgares
(Front) Exceptions to all plural rules
(Back) Cornu, cornua; Pons, pontes; Vas, vasa
Let's create flashcards for the English rules of forming plurals in medical terminology.
Flashcard Set 32: English Rules for Forming Plurals (Rules 1 & 2)
(Front) English Rule 1 for Plurals
(Back) Add "s"
(Front) Examples of English Rule 1
(Back) Bronchoscope, bronchoscopes; Disease, diseases; Endoscope, endoscopes; Finger, fingers; Vein, veins
(Front) English Rule 2 for Plurals
(Back) When a term ends in "s", "x", "ch", or "sh", add "es"
(Front) Examples of English Rule 2
(Back) Crutch, crutches; Distress, distresses; Patch, patches; Stress, stresses
Flashcard Set 33: English Rules for Forming Plurals (Rules 3 & 4)
(Front) English Rule 3 for Plurals
(Back) When a term ends in "y" after a consonant, change the "y" to "i" and add "es"
(Front) Examples of English Rule 3
(Back) Artery, arteries; Bronchoscopy, bronchoscopies; Endoscopy, endoscopies; Ovary, ovaries; Therapy, therapies
(Front) English Rule 4 for Plurals
(Back) When a term ends in "o" after a consonant, add "es"
(Front) Example of English Rule 4
(Back) Comedo, comedones
(Front) Exceptions to English Rule 4
(Back) Embryo, embryos; Placebo, placebos
Let's create flashcards for the information on this page, focusing on the exceptions to plural rules and the concept of soundalikes.
Flashcard Set 34: More Exceptions to Plural Rules
(Front) How to pluralize measurement abbreviations when used with a number value
(Back) Do not pluralize them (e.g., 7 cm, not 7 cms)
(Front) How to pluralize single-digit numbers
(Back) Add an apostrophe and "s" (e.g., 4 x 4's)
(Front) How to pluralize multiple-digit numbers and years
(Back) Add "s" without an apostrophe (e.g., 20s, 1950s)
(Front) How to pluralize uppercase abbreviations and acronyms
(Back) Add a lowercase "s" without an apostrophe (e.g., CVAs, EEGs, WBCs)
(Front) How to pluralize lowercase abbreviations
(Back) Add an apostrophe and "s" (e.g., rbc's)
Flashcard Set 35: Soundalikes
(Front) What are soundalikes in medical terminology?
(Back) Words that are pronounced almost the same but have different spellings and meanings.
(Front) Why are soundalikes important to recognize?
(Back) Because confusing them can lead to errors and misunderstandings.
(Front) Ablation
(Back) Surgical removal
(Front) Oblation
(Back) A religious offering
(Front) Access
(Back) A means of approaching
(Front) Axis
(Back) Center
(Front) Afferent
(Back) Towards the center
(Front) Efferent
(Back) Away from the center
(Front) Anecdote
(Back) A funny story
Let's make some flashcards to help you learn these easily confused medical terms!
Flashcard Set 36: Soundalikes (Continued)
(Front) Antidote
(Back) A remedy to treat poisoning
(Front) Anuresis
(Back) Retention of urine in the bladder
(Front) Enuresis
(Back) Bed-wetting
(Front) Apparent
(Back) Clear, obvious
(Front) Aberrant
(Back) Off course, abnormal
(Front) Aural
(Back) Pertains to the ear
(Front) Oral
(Back) Pertains to the mouth
(Front) Callous
(Back) Hard like a callus, hardened thinking
(Front) Callus
(Back) Hardened area of skin
(Front) Carotid
(Back) Artery
(Front) Parotid
(Back) Gland
(Front) Cecal
(Back) Pertains to the cecum
(Front) Fecal
(Back) Pertains to feces
(Front) CNS
(Back) Central nervous system (abbreviation)
(Front) C&S
(Back) Culture and sensitivity (lab test)
(Front) Discreet
(Back) Reserved or private
(Front) Discrete
(Back) Separate
(Front) Dysphagia
(Back) Difficulty eating or swallowing
(Front) Dysphasia
(Back) Difficulty speaking
(Front) Effusion
(Back) Escape of fluid into tissue
(Front) Infusion
(Back) To introduce fluid into vein or tissue
(Front) Eczema
(Back) A type of dermatitis
(Front) Exemia
(Back) Loss of fluid from blood vessels
(Front) Ethanol
(Back) Alcohol
(Front) Ethenyl
(Back) Vinyl
(Front) Flanges
(Back) Projecting borders or edges
(Front) Phalanges
(Back) Bones of the fingers or toes
(Front) Graft
(Back) Tissue implant from one area to another
(Front) Graph
(Back) Diagram
(Front) Irradiate
(Back) To treat with radiation
(Front) Radiate
(Back) To spread out from a center
(Front) Joule
(Back) Energy
(Front) Jowl
(Back) Flesh on the jaw
(Front) Labial
(Back) Liplike
(Front) Labile
(Back) Unstable
(Front) Liver
(Back) Body organ
(Front) Livor
(Back) Discoloration of skin after death
(Front) Nucleide
(Back) A compound of nucleic acid
(Front) Nuclide
(Back) A species of atom
(Front) Osteal
(Back) Bony
(Front) Ostial
(Back) Pertaining to an ostium
(Front) Palpation
(Back) To feel with the fingers
(Front) Palpitation
(Back) Rapid heartbeat
(Front) Perfusion
(Back) Pouring over or through
(Front) Profusion
(Back) Abundant, much
(Front) Protrusion
(Back) Jutting out
Let's create flashcards for the remaining soundalikes and the section on putting it all together.
Flashcard Set 37: Soundalikes (Continued)
(Front) Perineal
(Back) Referring to the perineum (genital area)
(Front) Peritoneal
(Back) Referring to the peritoneum (in abdominal, pelvic cavities)
(Front) Peroneal
(Back) Vein in the leg
(Front) Pleural
(Back) Referring to the pleura of the lung
(Front) Pleuritis
(Back) Inflammation of the pleura
(Front) Pruritus
(Back) Itching
(Front) Precede
(Back) To come before
(Front) Proceed
(Back) To carry on or continue
(Front) Prostatic
(Back) Pertaining to the prostate gland
(Front) Prosthetic
(Back) An artificial device replacing a body part
(Front) Radical
(Back) Extreme; atoms in uncombined state (free radicals)
(Front) Radicle
(Back) Small branch of a vessel
(Front) Scleroderma
(Back) Hardening of the skin
(Front) Scleredema
(Back) Swelling of the face, connective tissue disease
(Front) Shoddy
(Back) Poor quality of work
(Front) Shotty
(Back) Resembles buckshot
Flashcard Set 38: Putting It All Together
(Front) How to approach a long medical term
(Back) Break it up into word parts (prefix, root, suffix)
(Front) Two methods for deciphering medical terms
(Back) 1. Start with the suffix, 2. Start with the prefix
(Front) What does the suffix usually indicate?
(Back) A condition, procedure, disorder, or disease
(Front) What does the prefix usually indicate?
(Back) How, why, where, when, how much, how many, position, direction, time, or status
(Front) Example of how prefixes can change meaning and pronunciation
(Back) Febrile (fever) vs. Afebrile (without fever)
(Front) Importance of recognizing subtle differences in spelling and pronunciation
(Back) Hypertension (high blood pressure) vs. Hypotension (low blood pressure)
(Front) Oliguria
(Back) Scanty or infrequent urination
(Front) Polyuria
(Back) Excessive or frequent urination
Let's create flashcards for the information on this page, focusing on how suffixes and root words can affect pronunciation and examples related to medical conditions.
Flashcard Set 39: Suffixes and Pronunciation
(Front) How can suffixes affect pronunciation?
(Back) Different suffixes can change the pronunciation of the root word, especially with colors.
(Front) Erythrocytes
(Back) Red blood cells
(Front) Erythrocytosis
(Back) Having increased red blood cells
(Front) Melanosis
(Back) Unusual black pigmentation
(Front) Melanocytes
(Back) Pigmentation cells in the skin layer
Flashcard Set 40: Root Words and Pronunciation
(Front) How can the root word or combining form affect pronunciation?
(Back) The combining vowel can change the meaning and pronunciation.
(Front) Arthritis
(Back) Inflammation of a joint
(Front) Arthropathy
(Back) A condition of a joint
(Front) Arthroplasty
(Back) Surgical repair of a joint
(Front) Neuritis
(Back) Inflammation of a nerve
(Front) Neuropathy
(Back) A condition of a nerve
(Front) Neuroplasty
(Back) Surgical repair of a nerve
Flashcard Set 41: Medical Conditions - Gastro
(Front) Gastro
(Back) Stomach
(Front) Gastritis
(Back) Inflammation of the stomach
(Front) Gastrodynia
(Back) Pain in the stomach
(Front) Gastropathy
(Back) A stomach condition
Flashcard Set 42: Medical Conditions - Megaly
(Front) -megaly
(Back) Enlargement of
(Front) Cardiomegaly
(Back) Enlargement of the heart
(Front) Hepatosplenomegaly
(Back) Enlargement of the liver and spleen
(Front) Splenomegaly
(Back) Enlargement of the spleen
Flashcard Set 43: Suffixes and Procedures
(Front) -ectomy
(Back) Surgical removal of
(Front) -centesis
(Back) A surgical puncture to withdraw or aspirate fluid
(Front) -otomy
(Back) Surgical incision or cutting into
(Front) -ostomy
(Back) Surgical creation of an artificial opening
(Front) -plasty
(Back) Surgical repair
(Front) -scope
(Back) An instrument used for visual examination
(Front) -scopy
(Back) To see, or a visual examination
(Front) -gram
(Back) Resulting record or picture
(Front) -graphy
(Back) The process of recording a record or picture