lecture
what is development?
development, at its most generic, can be thought of as ‘good change’ (Chambers, 1997)
development as a strategy
development as an outcome
development can be defined as bringing about social change that allows people to achieve their human potential
delivering development
can include:
building schools » training teachers, providing textbooks n laptops
building roads » to connect ppl w markets n ports
building clinics, hospitals, training doctors, providing medicines
supporting civil service reforms n new tech
delivering sanitation n fresh water
providing clean energy n tech
technical or political?
formerly largely thought of as technical
dependent on availability of specialists etc
increasingly more political
eg gender politics, patronage, etc
what is politics?
traditional ‘arena’ view
politics as » activity of governing, govt and policy-making
public sphere n govt as focus
analysis of who is ‘in power’ and the political systems that decision-making happens in
broader ‘process’ view
politics as a process that happens everywhere
workplaces
families
organisations
anywhere where people interact and there is social activity
“politics is a universal and pervasive aspect of human behaviour and may be found wherever two or more human beings are engaged in some collective activity” (Leftwich, 2004)
analysis of the processes that determine ‘who gets what, when, how’ (Lasswell, 1936)
the art of getting things done
compromise
order
justice
what is the politics of development?
“…the process of contesting alternative desired futures”
“…both the obstacle and the way to address [development]”
analysing the politics of development
institutions are contested by more/less rational actors with competing interests, holding a range of ideas about what is right n fair
institutions: formal n informal rules, scripts, logics » from big structures to tiny habits
interests: material or symbolic rewards to form a course of action
ideas: ideas, beliefs, attitudes, customs, ideologies, that determine what is legitimate
politics of development & SDGs
shift from Millenium Development Goals (2000) to Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
structure of the global goals
the goals have a nested structure
goal = social and political priority
target = time-bound outcome
indicator = data to monitor progress