Unit 7.2 and 7.3

1. What war was fought during 1904-1905 that resulted in a humiliating defeat and social instability for Tsarist Russia? The Russo-Japanese War.
2. What were the causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

• Heavy central planning of the Soviet economy, leading to corruption and stagnation.
• The drain on the Soviet economy caused by the Arms Race with the United States.
• The inability of the Soviet economy to keep up with the economic progress of Western countries.

1. What were two causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917?

• Autocratic rule and repression by the Tsarist regime.
• Disastrous military defeats and high casualties in World War I.

1. What was the sociopolitical movement initiated by Mao Zedong in China from 1966 to 1976 that aimed to purge capitalist and traditional elements from society, promote Maoist ideology, and maintain Mao's position as the leader of China known as? The Cultural Revolution.
2. Which countries were part of the Central Powers during World War I?Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
3. What were two causes of World War I?

• Autocratic rule and repression by the Tsarist regime.
• The alliance system and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

1. What were two consequences of World War I?

• German reparations under the Treaty of Versailles.
• The breakup of the Ottoman Empire.

 8. What U.S. naval base was attacked by Japanese forces in 1941, causing the U.S. to enter World War II on the side of the Allies? Pearl Harbor.  9. What was the Schlieffen Plan? A German plan, developed before World War I, that envisioned a fast defeat of France followed by an attack on Russia.

10. Can you give an example of war propaganda? War propaganda can include posters, cartoons, and films, such as the famous "Uncle Sam Wants You" poster used to recruit soldiers during World War I.

11. What technologies did they have and use in WWI? Poison gas, machine guns, tanks, aircraft, trench warfare, and unrestricted submarine warfare.

12. What is the Sykes-Picot Agreement? A secret agreement between Britain and France to divide the Middle East between them.

13. What were the reasons for the US entering WWI? Unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram, economic reasons, moral outrage, ideology (14 Points), etc.

14. What was the Dawes Plan? A plan for the repayment of war reparations by Germany after World War I, intended to stabilize the German economy and promote economic recovery in Europe.

15. What book, written by Adolf Hitler while he was in prison in the 1920s, outlined his ideology and intentions? Mein Kampf.

16. What German term, meaning "lightning war," was a military strategy developed by the Germans in the early years of World War II and involved a coordinated rapid attack to quickly overwhelm the enemy? Blitzkrieg.

17. What is Fascism? A political ideology that advocates for a strong authoritarian government, strict control of the economy, and suppression of individual rights in favor of the collective good. Emphasizes nationalism, militarism, and a single leader.

18. What triggered the Great Depression? The crash of the U.S. stock market in 1929.

19. What German term, meaning "living space," was central to Nazi ideology? Lebensraum.

20. What was the name of the research and development project undertaken by the United States during World War II to develop the first atomic bombs? The Manhattan Project.

21. What famous meeting between the leaders of the U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union took place in Crimea in 1945 with the object of discussing the post-war reorganization of Europe and the establishment of the United Nations? The Yalta Conference.

22. What is meant by the term "Kamikaze?" A military tactic used by the Japanese during World War II, which involved the intentional crashing of aircraft into enemy targets.

23. What is the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Nonaggression Pact)? A pre-World War II agreement in which Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to attack each other, but to partition Poland.

24. What were two causes of World War II? The economic effects of the Great Depression, and a policy of appeasement by western European countries towards Hitler and his expansionist policies.

25. Which military alliance was formed in 1949 by several Western European and North American countries to counter the threat of Soviet aggression? NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).

26. What is the Iron Curtain? The political and military barrier that separated Western Europe and Eastern Europe during the Cold War.

27. What was the foreign policy strategy adopted by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism by containing it within its existing borders?Containment.

28. What term defines conflicts that were fought between the United States and the Soviet Union indirectly through their allies during the Cold War? Proxy wars.

29. What Cold War political theory suggested that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall? The Domino Theory.

30. What were the main causes of the Cold War? Rising tensions between the U.S, and Soviet Union due to differing political ideologies, Soviet attempts to spread communism, and the division of Europe into Eastern and Western blocs.

31. At the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, which party retreated to Taiwan, where they established the Republic of China? The Kuomintang (KMT).

32. What term defines the period of intense competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to achieve milestones in space exploration? The Space Race.

33. Countries that did not align with either of the two opposing geopolitical alliances during the Cold War were known as what?Nonaligned countries.

34. What term defines a military doctrine in which the use of nuclear weapons by one side would result in the total annihilation of both the attacker and the defender? Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD).

35. What term refers to an increase of political openness, freedom of expression, and transparency in the Soviet Union? Glasnost.

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