B1 Biology- Cell Structure and Transport

Active Transport: The movement of a substance form an area of low concentration to a high concentration of solutes against the concentration gradient using energy from respiration in the mitochondria

Algae: Simple aquatic organisms (Protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis

Alveoli: Tiny air sacks in the lungs that increase the surface area for gaseous exchange

Bacteria: single called prokaryotic organisms

Cell Membrane: the membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell

Cell Wall: the rigid structure around plant and algal cells it is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell

Cellulose:the complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength

Chlorophyll: the green pigment contained in the chloroplasts, responsible for the absorption of light

Chloroplasts: the organelles in which photosynthesis takes place

Cytoplasm: the water based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place

Diffusion: the spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution of gas resulting the the net movement of particles from a higher concern traction to. A low concentration gradient

Eukaryotic Cell: cells that have a cell membrane cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Hypertonic: when the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell

Hypotonic: when the concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell

Isotonic: when the concentration of solutes inside the cell is equal to that of the outside of the cell

Mitochondria: the site of aerobic respiration in the cell

Nucleus: the organelle that contains the genetic information for the cell

Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water, down the concentration gradient

Partially Permeable Membrane :: a membrane that on love you allows Certain substances to pass through

Permanent Vacuole: space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap, this helps the cell hold shape

Phloem: the living transport tissue in plants that carries sugars around the plant

Plasmolysis: the state of plant cells when so much water is lost by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls way from the cell wall

Prokaryotic Cell: cells that has genetic material in a loop that is free in the cytoplasm and isn’t enclosed by a nucleus, also may have rings of DNA called plasmids.

Resolving Power: measure of the ability to distinguish between two separate points that are very close together

Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis in the cell

Stomata: openings in the leaves of plants that are opened and closed by guard cells, allowing for gas exchange

Turgor: the pressure inside a plant cell given by the contents of the cell pressing on the cell wall

Ventilated: movement of air or water into and out of the gas exchange organ for example lugs or gills

Xylem: non living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the rest of the plant