Learning
Neuronal development
- The nervous system includes neurons and supporting cells. Before birth, brain development and growth occurs. Genetics determine basic structure.
- Gene expression refers to how DNA is used.
- In signal transduction, expression occurs leading to neuronal plasticity (modification after birth).
- Examples of neuronal plasticity:
- Connections in brain remodeled by experiences
- Activity at synapses (junction between neurons)
- Neuronal plasticity is basically activity dependent and focuses on showing important things to brain (use it or lose it). It is long-lasting where neurons increase connection with each other.
- Types of memory
- Sensory: experience from senses (need to pay attention)
- Short-term memory (working): what you are aware of now long-term memory: permanent connections
- Learning: use of memory to decrease bad outcome
- Long-term potentiation encoding/reencoding: physical changes in brain; improved cell communication Chunking sets of related info. Helps with this
| Sensory | Short term memory | Long term memory | |
|---|---|---|---|
| storage | Temporary, involves 5 senses | brief storage of info. currently used | permanent storage for info. not currently used |
| capacity | high | 7 +/- 2 memories | unlimited |
| Duration | seconds; <1 second for touch and around 2 seconds for hearing | <20 seconds | permanent as long as there is long term potentiation |
| Type | declarative | paying attention | repetition of info.; practice |