Molecules and matter

• The density of an object is defined as its mass per unit volume
• Resolution is the smallest interval marked on the measuring instrument
• To measure to a higher resolution than 1mm, you can use a vernier callipers or a micrometer

Density

• The meniscus is the U-shaped upper surface of liquid in a tube. When taking a measurement, make sure your eye is level with the bottom of the meniscus. If your eye is not level with the measurement, the reading will either be too high or too low, increasing random errors.
• You can calculate uncertainty as half of the range of the repeats.
• Random errors can be reduced by repeating the measurements, identifying anomalies and excluding them before calculating the mean.