us history midterm

Key people

Thomas Paine - Wrote Common Sense to encourage American Independence.

Nat Turner - Led an unsuccessful slave revolt in Virginia in the 1830s.

John D. Rockefeller - Oil tycoon, implemented horizontal integration in refining.

John Locke - British philosopher who influenced ideas of natural rights.

Andrew Carnegie - Steel monopolist, used vertical integration to control all means of production.

Benjamin Franklin - Helped secure the foreign alliance during the American Revolution.

Policies and Events

Monroe Doctrine - Declared the Americas off-limits to European colonization.

Missouri Compromise - Prohibited slavery north of the 36*30’ line in the Louisiana Territory.

Alien and Sedition Act - Restricted freedom of speech and press during John Adam’s presidency.

Manifest Destiny - The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Proclamation of 1763 - Policy restricting the movement of colonist west of the Appalachians.

Articles of Confederation - America’s first constitution, which created a weak national government.

Reconstruction Act of 1867 - Divided the South into military districts, ratify the 14th, and new delegates.

Compromise of 1850 - California enters the Union as a free state, and NM and UT will vote using popular sovereignty.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - Western territory’s ability to apply for statehood after qualifications are met.

Compromise of 1877 - Ordered the withdrawal of Federal troops from the South.

Concepts

Great Awakening - Religious revival that fostered a sense of shared American identity.

Salutary Neglect - British policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws, allowing self-government.

Sectionalism - Loyalty to a religion over the nation as a whole.

Seneca Falls Convention - Marked the beginning of the women’s rights movement.

Federalist Papers - Essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution.

Bill of Rights - Added at the instances of the Anti-Federalists to protect citizens.

Black Codes - System designed to maintain white supremacy in the South.

Rebellions

Nat Turner’s Rebellion - Violent rebellion; led to stricter laws and heightened fears.

Bacon’s Rebellion - Government is to protect taxpayers.

Shay’s Rebellion - Revealed the need for a Constitutional Convention to amend the AOC.

Whiskey Rebellion - Demonstrated the President’s ability to enforce the law.

Presidents

Abraham Lincoln - Hoped to restore national unity with his “malice towards none”

George Washington - Warned of forming sectional alliances and political parties

John Adams - Served only one term because of “bad” policy toward immigrants and editors.

Andrew Jackson - Promoted Indian removal.

Thomas Jefferson - Went against his beliefs to purchase Louisiana.

James Monroe - His Secretary of State issues doctrine about colonization by Europe in the Western Hemisphere.

James Madison - Led during the War of 1812, caused by impressment and Britain violates freedom in the seas.

Andrew Johnson - Missed conviction and removal from the Presidency by one vote.

Wars

American Revolution - Colonial fight for independence.

Civil War - Conflict over Slavery and States’ Rights.

War of 1812 - Forces America to look inward towards industrialization.

Mexican American War - Post-war competition over slavery in the southwestern territories.

French and Indian War - Conflict over the competition/control over the Ohio River Valley.

Battles

Saratoga - The use of the high ground along the river in New York, France joins

Gettysburg - Rolling hill and ridges gave the Union an advantage to use the “fishhook” strategy.

Yorktown - The coastal battle in Virginia allows the Americans and French to attack from all sides.

Trenton - The river was used for a surprise Christmas day attack.

Vicksburg - The battle splits the Confederacy after a besiege of 47 days.

Antietam - The narrow roads of Maryland led the troops into the bloodiest single-day battle.

Sumter - Island battle as it was a Federal fort in the Confederacy.

Atlanta - Use of total war, to destroy a key railroad hub city.

True/False

True/False - The articles of confederation created a strong national government capable of enforcing laws. (Answer: False- weak national government)

True/False - The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36*30’ line, except in Missouri. (Answer: True)

True/False - In his Farewell Address, George Washington was concerned with the creation of interest groups and sectionalism. (Answer: True)

True/False - The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations to avoid colonizing or interfering in the Americas. (Answer: True)

True/False - The Great Awakening increased sectional tensions by promoting religious exclusivity in the colonies. (Answer: False- the Great Awakening united the sectional tensions)

True/False - Andrew Jackson respected and followed the Supreme Court’s decisions regarding Native American policy. (Answer: False- Andrew Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s decisions)

True/False - Manifest Destiny justified U.S. expansion across North America and contributed to the Mexican-American War. (Answer: True)

True/False - The Treaty of Paris officially ended the Mexican American War. (Answer: False- it was Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo)

True/False - The Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls demanded equal rights for women, including suffrage. (Answer: True)

True/False - One of the demands of Southern states during the Constitutional Convention was to count enslaved persons toward representation (Answer: True)

True/False - Samuel Gompers was the leader of the Knights of Labor, a union for a skilled worker. (Answer: False- leader of the American Federation)

True/False - Thomas Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana was his greatest concern Constitutionally. (Answer: True)

True/False - Andrew Jackson was one of the South’s best military leaders. (Answer: False- it was Robert E. Lee)

True/False - The Emancipation Proclamation freed all enslaved persons in America. (Answer: False- only freed slaves in rebellious states)

True/False - John Brown led a successful violent slave revolt in Harper’s Ferry Virginia. (Answer: False- it was Nat Turner)

True/False - “All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States” is from the 15th amendment. (Answer: False- 14th amendment)

True/False - During the American Revolution Native Americans and Black/Africans chose to fight with the Hessians. (Answer: False- they fought with the British)

True/False - The railroad led to an increase in the political power of the Midwestern farmer. (Answer: True)

True/False - Colonies were only valuable to the British Empire because of the colonies access to raw material. (Answer: True)

True/False - Historians generally agree that Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction was to punish the South. (Answer: False- he wanted to restore the Union)

Fill in the blank

The _____ Amendment abolished slavery in the United States. (Answer: 13th)

The term “Manifest Destiny” expressed the belief that the U.S. was destined by _____ to expand across the continent. (Answer: God)

_______ is associated with the oil industry and used horizontal integration to dominate the market. (Answer: Rockefeller)

The _______ decision ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories because slaves were considered property. (Answer: Dred Scott)

The Confederate defeat at _________ split the Confederacy along the Mississippi River. (Answer: Vicksburg)

President Andrew Jackson promoted the policy of _______ to relocate Native Americans. (Answer: removal)

Women contributed to the American Revolution by being _______, _______, and spies. (Answer: nurses, cooks)

The Monroe Doctrine was issued during the presidency of ________. (Answer: Monroe)

The Seneca Falls convention produced the ___________________, a document demanding equal rights for women. (Answer: Declaration of Sentiments)

Thomas Edison invented _______________ which allowed workers to work longer hours. (Answer: the electric lightbulb)

The Confederacy’s only real advantage during the American Civil War was in _____________ (Answer: military advantage)

To successfully end the American Revolution, the British and the Americans signed ____________ (Answer: The Treaty of Paris, 1783)

The _______________ occurred between President Andrew Jackson and Vice President, South Carolina native, John C. Calhoun over desires not follow federal connection to tariffs. (Answer: nullification crisis)

The Freedmen’s Bureau provided ______, clothing, contract negotiating, and _________ for emancipated slaves and poor whites. (Answer: food, education)

The difference between “Old Immigrants” and “New Immigrants”, is that old immigrants came from ________ and _______ Europe, and New Immigrants came from ________ and _______ Europe. (Answer: northern and western, southern and eastern)

Quotes - identify the document of the quote

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” - Declaration of Independence

“Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing wether that nation…can long endure.” - Gettysburg Address

“The American continents…are not to be considered subjects for the future colonization by any European powers…” - Monroe Doctrine

Colonial Regions

Founded for Religious reasons - New England

Reliant on slave-based labor force - Southern

Used town hall meetings as a form of governance - New England

Diverse population - Mid-Atlantic

Cash Crop economy - Southern

Cold-climate and rocky soil; small scale farms - New England

Economy based on shipping and fishing - New England

Fertile soil and moderate climate - Mid-Atlantic

Georgia, North and South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia - Southern

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware - Mid-Atlantic

Rhodesia Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut - New England