APES 3.9 Demographic Transition

  • Nations tend to move towards industrialization
    • Change from agricultural to industrial economies
    • Agriculturalists start producing less for subsistence and more for commercial gains
    • This is shown through the first 4 stages of the demographic transition model
  • Stage 1
    • Younger nations and populations
    • Usually a higher infant mortality rate
    • Children are needed in the workforce
    • Low or no growth
  • Stage 2
    • Improved medicine, sanitation, and food access
    • High growth
    • Death rate lowers but birth rate does not
    • Transitioning into industry
  • Stage 3
    • High education
    • Low infant mortality
    • Birth rate now drops, so lower growth
    • Industry has taken off
  • Stage 4
    • High education
    • Low infant mortality
    • Older populations may become a tax burden
    • No or negative growth
    • Post-industrial