Nelson_chem11_FULL_TEXTBOOK

Page 138 Notes

Soap and Surface Tension

  • Effect of Soap on Water:

    • Soap reduces intermolecular attractions between water molecules.

    • Water's ability to form beads on a surface decreases due to reduced surface tension.

Nanticoke Petroleum Refinery

  • Asphalt and Freezing Problems:

    • Asphalt needs sealing to prevent water penetration.

    • Water in asphalt can freeze, leading to cracking as it expands during freezing.

Water Freezing Volume Calculation

  • Freezing of Water:

    • Given: 100 cm³ of water freezes.

    • Density of liquid water = 1.00 g/cm³.

    • Density of ice = 9% less than water = 0.91 g/cm³.

    • Calculate volume of ice using the formula:

      • Volume of ice = mass / density.

      • Mass of water (100 cm³ at 1 g/cm³) = 100 g.

      • Volume of ice = 100 g / 0.91 g/cm³ = 109.89 cm³.

    • Impact on Water Pipes:

      • Increased volume of ice may cause pipes to burst in winter.

Graphing Water Density

  • Density vs. Temperature:

    • Selection of the best graph depicting water density variation.

    • Water is most dense at 4°C, then expands as it freezes, decreasing density.

Bioplastics Discussion

  • Government Support for Bioplastics:

    • Opinions on whether to provide tax breaks/subsidies helping manufacturers.

    • Considerations of cost vs. environmental benefits.

Evaluation of Reusable Water Bottles

  • Tests for Evaluation:

    • Assess durability: stress tests on materials.

    • Check for chemical leaching: analyze bottle contents over time.

    • Evaluate ease of cleaning: assess bottle design for hygiene.

    • Consider user feedback: surveys regarding usability and convenience.

Non-Polar Solvents for Organic Reactions

  • Evaluation of Solvents for Synthesis:

    • Research each solvent's polarities and suitability at 60°C.

    • Determine the best option based on reaction requirements.

Page 139 Notes

Capacitors and Insulators

  • Capacitor Functionality:

    • Insulation effectiveness increases with polar materials.

    • Evaluate liquids for their molecular structures and ability to insulate.

PLA for Computer Cases

  • Material Evaluation:

    • Weigh pros and cons of using pure PLA vs. modified versions for cases.

    • Recommend reinforced options to increase durability.

Food Crop Use in Bioplastics

  • Implications of Using Food Crops:

    • Potential problems include food security issues.

    • Research topics include sustainability, food prices, and alternative materials.

Reflect on Personal Consumption

  • Changes in Purchasing Decisions:

    • Post chapter reflection on likelihood to purchase upcycled or green products.

    • Consider how newfound knowledge influences consumer habits.

Page 140 Notes

Green Product Task

  • Defining a Green Product:

    • Understanding principles of green chemistry: non-toxic, sustainable, energy-efficient.

    • Create compelling arguments for investors to support green products.

Regulations and Standards for Green Products

  • Focus on Marketing:

    • Investigate what makes a product 'green' from a regulatory perspective.

    • Standards balancing sustainability against commercial viability.

Project Proposal Development

  • Product Selection:

    • Choose between two green alternatives and detail their merits.

    • Identify and contrast with conventional products within the same category.

Implementation Plan for Green Product

  • Evaluation of Production and Markets:

    • Understand consumer preferences towards green alternatives over conventional.

    • Conduct research on market acceptance and pricing structures.

Assessment Criteria for Project Presentation

  • Key Focus Areas:

    • Emphasize knowledge of green chemistry principles in product development.

    • Ensure strong communication through presentations and reports.