Flash-card set – Practice Test #1 (BIOL 2013 Exam 4)

Card 1
Q : Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense in non-specific host resistance?
A : Inflammation

Card 2
Q : Cigarette smoke paralyzes cilia in the respiratory tract. This interferes with which line of defense?
A : First line of defense

Card 3
Q : Which statement about fever is true?
A : Fever is beneficial to the host up to a point.

Card 4
Q : In the fever process, which chemical signals the hypothalamus to produce prostaglandins?
A : Interleukin I

Card 5
Q : Why might taking ten showers a day weaken your defenses?
A : Washing oils off the skin removes part of the first line of defense.

Card 6
Q : During inflammation after a knife cut, which cells leave the blood vessels to attack bacteria?
A : Neutrophils

Card 7
Q : Antigens are best described as…
A : Always foreign to the host and reasonably large.

Card 8
Q : What is true of a hapten?
A : It cannot by itself trigger antibody production.

Card 9
Q : A typical antibody can bind two epitopes, is a protein, and can itself act as an antigen.
A : All of the above (true).

Card 10
Q : In some people, penicillin can bind a normal protein so the combination induces antibody synthesis.
A : True

Card 11
Q : Which immunoglobulin is most commonly found on the surface of B cells?
A : IgD

Card 12
Q : Which immunoglobulin fixes complement but does not cross the placenta?
A : IgM

Card 13
Q : The two most important phagocytic cells are…
A : Neutrophils and macrophages

Card 14
Q : In a phagocyte, which structure stores digestive enzymes?
A : Lysosome

Card 15
Q : In humans, stem cells differentiate into B cells in the…
A : Red bone marrow of the adult

Card 16
Q : On an activated B cell, the antigen fragment is displayed together with…
A : Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II)

Card 17
Q : Which cell releases cytokines that activate a B cell to become a plasma cell?
A : Helper T cell

Card 18
Q : In an anamnestic (secondary) response, how does IgG production compare with the primary response?
A : More IgG is produced than in the primary response.

Card 19
Q : Opsonization primarily does what?
A : Enhances phagocytosis

Card 20
Q : Antivenom treatment after a spider bite provides what kind of immunity?
A : Artificial passive immunity

Card 21
Q : Natural passive immunity is provided chiefly by which immunoglobulins?
A : IgA and IgG

Card 22
Q : Complement activation requires the antigen to be bound by which antibodies?
A : IgG or IgM

Card 23
Q : Antigen–antibody binding can lead to opsonization, neutralization, and complement activation.
A : True

Card 24
Q : Monoclonal antibody technology produces…
A : Pure antibodies directed against one epitope.

Card 25
Q : A person genetically predisposed to ragweed allergy shows what on first exposure?
A : No outward indication of allergy.

Card 26
Q : Allergy-shot desensitization works mainly by inducing synthesis of…
A : Blocking IgG antibodies

Card 27
Q : Which item does not cause a true allergic response?
A : Lactose

Card 28
Q : Anaphylaxis results from degranulation of mast cells.
A : True

Card 29
Q : Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn is which hypersensitivity type?
A : Type II – Cytotoxic reactions

Card 30
Q : Large antigen–antibody complexes deposited in vessel walls may trigger what hypersensitivity?
A : Immune complex–mediated hypersensitivity (Type III)

Card 31
Q : Transfusing an A⁺ person with A⁻ blood causes which immediate effect?
A : None of the above (no adverse reaction).

Card 32
Q : Toxoids are best defined as…
A : Inactivated toxins

Card 33
Q : A first vaccination induces what kind of immune response?
A : Primary humoral immune response

Card 34
Q : Antisera are most often used for what purpose?
A : Preventing disease after exposure

Card 35
Q : Vaccines can be composed of toxoids.
A : True

Card 36
Q : One reason not to immunize against everything is the risk of developing…
A : Immune complex syndrome

Card 37
Q : Which is correct regarding transfer of immunity?
A : Cellular immunity can be transferred by injection of white blood cells.

Card 38
Q : An immune response directed against tumor cells is mediated chiefly by…
A : Cytotoxic T cells

Card 39
Q : HIV is transmitted primarily by…
A : Sexual activity and exchange of blood

Card 40
Q : The major cellular targets of HIV are…
A : Helper T cells and macrophages