AUGUSTINA ASHONG UGRC 210 1

Course Information: BA/BSC First Semester Examinations - Distance Education 2021/2022
Course Code: UGRC 210: Academic Writing II (3 Credits)

Index and Details: Write index number, group number, and lecturer’s name in the answer booklet provided.
Structure: The examination consists of two sections:
- Section A (Summary)
- Section B (Essay)
Answering: Answer all questions and write answers in the provided booklet.
Time Allowed: Two hours (2 hrs)

Task: Compose a composite summary of the extracts in Section B in a paragraph of about fifteen sentences.
Requirement: Avoid excessive lifting of words from the passages.

Task: Write a synthesis essay of 600-700 words on "Causes of Inflation in Ghana" using provided extracts.
Thesis Statement: Underline your thesis statement in the essay.
Incorporation of Sources: Use summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting techniques to incorporate ideas from the extracts.
Reporting Techniques: Demonstrate knowledge of appropriate use of reporting or reference verbs.

Format: At the end of the essay, generate a reference list using provided sources in MLA or APA format. (10 Marks)

Definition of Inflation: Inflation is when the money supply grows faster than the production of new goods and services, resulting in a general price increase over time.
Impact on Employment: Study emphasizes the link between inflation and unemployment rates in selected ECOWAS member states.
Findings: Inflation can positively influence economic growth, with unemployment not adversely affecting it.
Reference: Gylych Jelilov et al., Impact of Inflation and Unemployment on Economic Growth in Ten Selected Member States of ECOWAS (2016).

Policy Responses: Examination of central banks' policies in response to financial crises and their effects on inflation.
Observation: Increased central bank balance sheets have not necessarily led to higher consumer-level inflation.
Concern: Prolonged easy monetary policies may result in excessive risk-taking and inflationary pressures.
Reference: Adegoke I. Adeleke & Joseph O. Ogebe, Banking Crises and Inflation Dynamics in the West Africa Monetary Zone (2013).

Causes of Inflation in Ghana: Inflation is attributed to both fiscal and non-monetary factors, including excessive money supply.
Stats: Inflation rates in Ghana fluctuated (e.g., 25% in 1996 to 40.5% in December 2000).
Food Prices Impact: High food prices, which consume over half of household expenditure, are significant contributors.
Reference: Francis Gyebi & Godfried K. Boafo, Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation in Ghana from 1990 — 2009 (2013).

Study Focus: Relationship between inflation, money supply growth, and exchange rates in Ghana.
Methodology: Econometric analysis with cointegration.
Findings: Long-run positive relationship between inflation and money supply, with a 1% increase in money leading to a 1.94% increase in inflation.
Implication: The Bank of Ghana should monitor money supply growth to maintain inflation stability.
Reference: Anthony Chiaraah & Paul Kwame Nkegbe, GDP Growth, Money Growth, Exchange Rate and Inflation in Ghana (2014).

Research Method: Utilized ARDL approach and error correction for examining inflation determinants.
Key Findings: Inflation is highly sensitive to monetary expansion; controlling money supply is essential for successful disinflation efforts.
Reference: George Adu & George Marbuah, Determinants of Inflation in Ghana: An Empirical Investigation (2011).

The exam encompasses both summarizing extracts and synthesizing arguments to articulate the causes of inflation, reflecting an understanding of various perspectives and economic theories.