General Biology 2nd Semester

Histology – Study of plants and animal issue

Tissue – A group of similar cells performing common functions

                Four types of tissue

  • 1. Epithelial

  • 2. Connective

  • 3.Mascular

  • 4.Nervous

Epiphytal Tissue

-Can be simplified or stratified

Simple epithelium is made up of singe

layered cell

Stratified epithelium has more than one layer

of the cell

Three types of epithelia based on their shape

1. Squamous

2.Cubodial

3.Columnar

Simple Squamous Epithelium

-Consists of single later of flattened cells

-Usually found in their barriers where exchange of nutrients waste and respiratory gasses occur

Simple cuboidal Epithelium

-A single layer of cube shaped cell

-Performs complex functions such as absorption and secretions

Simple Columnar Epithelium  

-A single layer of elongated cells

-ideal foe absorption and excretion

Pseudostratified epithelium

-Falsely Stratified

-Made up of columnar cells that are tall and thin and forms irregular shape

-Can be found in the upper respiratory track

 

Connective tissue

-A group of tissue characterized by having dispersed cells and large extra cellular shape called “extra cellular matrix”

Extracellular Matrix

-includes protein fiber and ground substance secreted by the cells if of connective tissue

-may be:

Solid (Bone)

Soft (Connective Tissue)

Liquid (Blood)

Functions of connective tissue

  • protection

  • provision of cushion

  • maintenance of body form

  • Filling body space

  • storage of fats

  • transports gas nutrients and wastes

  • Repair of body parts

 

Loose Connective Tissue

-Also known as areolar connective tissue

-It consists connective tissue with water wastes

-Can be found beneath the epithelium of the skin

Dense Connective Tissue

-Are made up of closely packed bundles of collagen fibers

-Can be found in tendons

Reticular Connective Tissue

-Made up of cells called reticulocytes and a matrix that contains reticular fibers

-Give support to soft organs and provided supporting framework for the bone narrow

Elastic Connective Tissue

-Highly elastic with flattened fibroblast cells with a matrix

-Found in large arteries

-Adipose tissue are special type of connective tissue that stores fat

Supportive Connective Tissue (bone and cartilage)

-Cartilage is type of connective with cells called chondrocytes

-Cartilage can be found in ears, nose, and joints

-Cartilage gives strength support, and protection to the soft parts of the body

-Bones are hardened connective tissues containing cells called osteocytes

-Bones served as a structure’s framework of the body

Fluid Connective Tissue

Blood is a special type of connective tissue with a liquid matrix called blood plasma

-Blood includes RBC’s (Red Blood Cells) for transport of oxygen

-WBC (White Blood Cells) for body’s defense against infection, and platelets for blood clotting

-Blood transports nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxides and other wastes, it also regulates fluids, ions and the PH levels balanced the body

Muscular Tissue

-Contractile tissues are responsible for the movement

 

 

Three types of muscular tissue

  1. Skeletal

  2. Cardiac

  3. Smooth

Skeletal Muscular Tissue

-Attached to the bones through Tendons

-Responsible for the movement of the most part of the body and locomotion

-A skeletal muscle fiber is long, cylindrical, unbranched and contains multiple nuclei

Cardiac Muscular Tissue

-Found only in the walls of your heart

-Cardiac muscles are straited, but its contraction is involuntary controlled

-Cardiac muscles fibers are branching

Smooth Macular Tissue

- Non-Straited, Spindle shaped muscles that are involuntarily controlled

-They are unbranched with a single nucleus per cell

-Can be found in the walls of the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels

Nervous Tissue

-Made up of cells called neurons

-Neurons are specialized cells that conducts impulses to form the brain

 

 

Other information’s:

-Tissues are group of similar types of cells that performs diverse similar functions

-A group of tissues united to perform a common functions is called an organ

-Several organs that performs together for a common functions make up an organ system

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