global history

The slave traffic significantly occurred across the Indian Ocean.
Islamic practices heavily influenced African slavery.
The transatlantic slave trade operated mainly from the early to late 19th centuries.
Europeans initially enslaved indigenous people to work on sugar plantations.
Notably, Africans sold their own kind to Europeans.
Brazil was the largest importer of African slaves from 1501 to 1846, followed by the British Caribbean.
The West African population was often subjected to the notion known as the Curse of Ham, which compared Africans to animals and deemed them inferior and destined for enslavement.
Key exports from slave labor included rice, cotton, and tobacco.
The Catholic Church sanctioned the slave trade, affecting the economic landscape, particularly in Britain and America, driven by slavery.
Pope Nicholas sanctioned the African slave trade and issued a decree that authorized European powers to enslave African people, granting royal families like Queen Isabella of Spain and King Henry of Portugal permission to own slaves.

Gaspar Yanga: A notable African leader who led a slave rebellion in Mexico.
Olaudah Equiano: First African-born person to document the experience of slavery in his biography.
Post-Traumatic Slave Syndrome: Refers to the transgenerational impact on descendants of enslaved individuals, which includes:
- Transmission through biology, social values, and behavior patterns.
- Behavioral conditioning where parents teach children to avoid confrontation and authority.
- Mistrust towards institutions such as healthcare, education, and law enforcement.
- Fear-based responses as protective mechanisms developed through trauma.
J. Marion Sims: Known as the Father of Gynecology, performed surgical experiments on enslaved Black people in Alabama; his actions reflected a broader racial ideology that dehumanized African Americans.
- Much of modern medicine evolved from these experiments conducted during slavery.

Candomblé: A religious practice originating from African traditions in Brazil that:
- Involves worship of African deities and archangels like Oiza, Shango, and Yemaya.
- Blends African spiritual practices with Christianity.
- Emphasizes public rituals such as carnivals and private rituals for healing.
Capoeira: A martial art originating in Angola, later developed in Brazilian quilombos (African settlements).
- Served as a form of resistance during slavery.
- Sometimes concealed weapons within music instruments during slave revolts.
- Performed in various locations, including plantations, and influenced modern breakdancing.
- Often recognized as both a fighting style and cultural expression.

Marronnage: Refers to areas where enslaved Africans formed independent communities by escaping plantations; a critical method of African resistance.
Toussaint L'Ouverture: A prominent figure in the Haitian Revolution who:
- Helped free slaves and was appointed as general in control of Haiti.
- Key events include the August 1791 slave revolution, ignited by a Vodou ceremony led by Dutty Boukman.
- Led a movement where Jean-François and Brasson burned plantations, killed slaveholders, and utilized community strategies in response to French colonial control.
- Represented a significant uprising that ultimately led to Haiti becoming the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere.