Chapter+1+-+Medical+Term

Medical Terminology and Records

Page 1: Introduction

  • Overview of basic term parts and medical records.

Page 2: Origins of Medical Terms

  • Greek and Latin Roots

    • Most medical terms derive from Greek (diagnostic/surgical) and Latin (anatomical) origins.

  • Influence of Other Languages

    • Terms influenced by German and French.

    • New terms often derived from English.

Page 3: Programmed Learning Sections

  • Study Techniques

    • Review self-instruction frames before sections.

    • Use Reveal Card for self-testing.

    • Write responses before revealing answers.

    • Highlight correct responses.

    • Study at your own pace.

Page 4: Term Components

  • Parts of Medical Terms

    • Root: Foundation of the term.

    • Prefix: Modifies the root.

    • Suffix: Provides essential meaning.

    • Combining Form: Root + combining vowel for easier formation.

Page 6: Combining Vowels and Forms

  • Usage of Combining Vowels

    • Combines roots and suffixes.

    • Hyphens indicate placement of prefixes and suffixes.

    • Common combining vowel is "o"; "i" is also used.

Page 7-8: Rules for Constructing Terms

  • Basic Rules

    • Use combining vowels to join roots and consonant-starting suffixes.

    • No combining vowel before vowel-starting suffixes.

    • Drop final vowel if root and suffix start with the same vowel.

    • Exceptions exist; consult a medical dictionary.

Page 9: Defining Medical Terms

  • Word Structure Analysis

    • Interpret suffix first, then prefix, then root.

    • Memorize common prefixes for differentiation.

Page 10-11: Formation of Medical Terms

  • Building Terms

    • Terms built from roots with prefixes and suffixes.

    • Can be formed from roots alone or combinations.

Page 12-13: Spelling Medical Terms

  • Spelling Considerations

    • Context aids in spelling.

    • Similar-sounding words may have different spellings.

    • Some words have multiple acceptable spellings.

Page 14-15: Rules of Pronunciation

  • Phonetic System

    • Diacritical marks indicate pronunciation.

    • Macron for long sounds; breve for short sounds.

    • Accents indicate stressed syllables.

Page 16-18: Singular and Plural Forms

  • Forming Plurals

    • Add "s" or "es" for plurals.

    • Memorize exceptions for Latin and Greek derivatives.

Page 19-25: Common Prefixes

  • Negation

    • a- (without), an- (without), anti- (against), de- (from/not).

  • Position/Direction

    • ab- (away), ad- (toward), circum- (around), intra- (within), etc.

  • Quantity/Measurement

    • bi- (two), hyper- (excessive), hypo- (deficient), etc.

  • Time

    • ante- (before), post- (after), re- (again).

  • General

    • con- (together), dys- (painful), eu- (normal), neo- (new).

Page 26-29: Common Suffixes

  • Types of Suffixes

    • Simple: -ic (pertaining to), -ium (structure).

    • Compound: -tomy (incision), -ectomy (excision).

    • Categories: Symptomatic, Diagnostic, Surgical, General.

    • Suffixes with double "rr": -rrhea (discharge), -rrhage (excessive discharge).

Page 30-35: Common Combining Forms

  • Colors: cyan/o (blue), erythr/o (red).

  • Substances: hem/o (blood), hydr/o (water).

  • Organs/Structures: cardi/o (heart), gastr/o (stomach), neur/o (nerve).

  • General: carcin/o (cancer), gynec/o (woman), path/o (disease).

Page 36: Levels of Organization in the Body

  • Hierarchy: Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.

Page 37-42: The Medical Record

  • Purpose: Documents physical, emotional, nutritional, and social history.

  • Components:

    • History and Physical (H&P) examinations.

    • Progress notes (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan).

    • Consent forms for healthcare.

    • Laboratory and diagnostic test reports from various sources.