GRAMMAR- use of rules on how words change, combine, and form meaning.

NOUN- name of a person, place, thing, time, quality, and action.

CONCRETE NOUN- can be touched (eg wallet, chair, computer)

ABSTRACT NOUN- nouns are concept, cannot be touched. (eg love, divinity, wisdom)

COMMON NOUN- class of a noun (eg lawyer, philosopher, proletariat)

PROPER NOUN-exact and specific name (eg leslie, aristotle, rene descartes)Proper nouns are always capitalized in English, no matter where they fall in a sentence.

SINGULAR NOUN-identifies one thing (eg candy, child, message)

PLURAL NOUN- identifies multiple elements (eg candies, children, messages)

¬ most nouns add S to be plural (eg days, months, cars, teachers)

¬ nouns ending in S, SH, CH, X, or Z add ES to be plural (eg dishes, churches, quizzes)

¬ nouns ending in O preceded by a vowel add S to be plural ( eg rodeos, radios)

¬ nouns ending in O preceded by a consonant add S or ES to be plural

( eg zeros/zeroes, cargos/cargoes, tomatoes,

COMPOUND NOUNS- form their plurals by adding S to the principle. (eg mother-in law mothers-in-law)

NOMINATIVE CASE- noun/pronoun as the subject of the sentence.

OBJECTIVE CASE- noun/pronoun as the receiver of the action.