Fascism

• far right, extreme conservative viewpoints

  • focus on individual

communism → collectivism beneficial for everyone

• no equality in fascism, hierarchy and inequality of wealth

• labour unions good collectivism, bad fascism

contrast to marx (fascism is reaffirmation of state)

• both totalitarian, secret police force, propaganda

  • communism vs fascism: difference in what they strive to do and individuals in societies treated differently

Italian Fascism

fascism → totalitarian philosophy of government that glorifies the state and nation and assigns to the state control over every aspect of national life

fasces → symbolize unity and power

subordination to the state

• fascism forcibly subordinates all parts of society to its vision of organic community (through totalitarianism)

• uses organized violence to suppress opposition

  • glorification of force

  • accepts the tenants of social Darwinism

• anti-democratic

individual had no significance except as a member of state

• fascists taught

  • to believe

  • to obey

  • to fight

myth of rebirth

• national or racial rebirth after a period of decline or destruction

Rise of Fascism in Germany

• after unification of Germany under Bismark, the government was authoritarian

• The Kaiser and Chancellor held power and make welfare state with pensions and disability insurance

  • germans saw authoritarian system of government as benevolent

Treaty of Versailles

• germany accept war guilt clause

• reparation payments

• Rhineland demilitarized

Weimar Republic

• Germany new constitution and democratic now

• republic under attack from left + right wing extremists

• social democrats and democrats who formed basis of coalition government, but not involved in treaty negotiations, were blamed for its enactment

hyperinflation → price go up so much

lebensraum → living space

antiliberalism →

illiberal →